Estimates of denitrification based on standard methods often cannot easily be extrapolated to entire ecosystems because of high spatial heterogeneity in rates of denitrification. Diel changes in the concentration of dinitrogen (N2) in running waters provide the basis for estimating denitrification by an open-channel technique in much the same way that ecosystem metabolism can be estimated from ...

A sewer dynamic model (SDM), an innovative use of combined models, was established to describe the reactions compounds in a pilot pipe. The set ordinary differential equations SDM solved simultaneously using fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm. validated by calculating consistency between simulation and observation values. After validated, reaction rate analyzed. For heterotrophs water phase bio...

Atmospheric reaeration process plays a key role in degradation of organic matter and self-purification processes affecting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations rivers streams. Moreover, water quality (WQ) can be highly dependent on flow velocity conditions. Where, rates are positively correlated with high velocity. Therefore, the present work reports deep insights concentration DO biochemical d...