This first part of Chapter 5 covers the background to the development of reactive dyes, explains the history which led to their belated discovery and gives the reasons for their present importance. The nature of the dye-fiber bond is covered as well as the processes by which it is formed. The overall procedure for reactive batch dyeing, which involves the three steps of dyeing, fixation and was...

The effect of sonochemical reactors (SCR) technology upon the degradation of reactive yellow dye has been studied and reported here. Sonochemical reactors (ultrasound irradiation) produce strong cavitation in aqueous solution causing shock wave and reactive free radicals by the violent collapse of the cavitation bubble. These effects should contribute to destruction as well as the decomposition...

Sulfonated reactive azo dyes, such as Reactive Orange 107, are extensively used in textile industries. Conventional wastewater treatment systems are incapable of degrading and decolorizing reactive azo dyes completely from effluents, because of their stability and resistance to aerobic biodegradation. However, reactive azo dyes are degradable under anaerobic conditions by releasing toxic aromat...

A simple analytical procedure is proposed for simultaneous determination of three common dyes (Basic Blue 9, Brilliant Blue E-4BA, and Reactive Blue 2) in natural waters without prior separation of the solutes. A popular chemometric method, partial least squares regression PLS-1, was effectively applied for spectral resolution of a highly overlapping system. At the best modeling conditions, mea...

A questionnaire survey of over 400 workers handling reactive dyes showed that over 15% had work related respiratory or nasal symptoms. Forty nine employees with symptoms were referred to chest clinics for detailed assessment. It was considered that in 19 the symptoms could be attributed to an irritant response to a variety of chemicals, including hydrochloric acid vapour, sulphur dioxide, and r...

The present work deals with the ways of testing the compatibility of reactive dyes with cotton in different textile industries in Bangladesh. This report includes three laboratory trials that were carried out for three different reactive dyes to check the compatibility for use in a dye recipe on cotton knitted goods. In this study, Spectrophotometric analysis was conducted and the fixation of e...

Decolorisation and biodegradation efficacy of potential strains isolated from dyeing effluent collected from Tirupur region, Tamil Nadu, India were studied in remazol reactive dyes. Two potential strains Clostridium butyricum (EI05) and Clostridium acetobutylicum (EI25) identified by biochemical tests in our previous study were studied for their decolorising efficiency on various remazol reacti...

Dyeing wastewaters are one of the most common pollutants that cause many problems for public health and environment due to dermatitis and skin rashes, cancer production, mutagenesis, etc. Thus, treatment of these wastewaters is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of montmorillonite nanoparticles as an adsorbent in adsorption process of Reactive Ye...

Reactive dyes have been used in the textile industry for the past 60 years; they colour fibres brightly and are highly wetfast. They consist of a direct colourant (an azo, anthraquinone or phthalocyanin derivative group) connected to a reactive group, which is capable of linking through covalent bonds to the amine or sulfhydryl groups of proteins (1). We report a case of a delayed contact hyper...