We show how layering in communication software violates the principle of separating concerns. Examples illustrate that layering couples receiver-and sender functions, sharing message headers among layers creates dependencies between layers that largely compromise re-usability, QoS management is scattered over all layers, and layers are tightly coupled with the sub-system that executes it. Layer...

Lately, a focus has been given to the re-usability of workflow definitions and to flexible and re-usable workflow components, culminating with approaches that harness the benefits of the enriched semantics provided by ontologies. Following this trend and the needs of multiple application domains, such as micro-task crowdsourcing and ambient assisted living, of incorporating cooperation between ...

This paper addresses the issue of re-usability in personalised web-based learning environments. The paper focuses on the work of the European IST Project KOD “Knowledge on Demand”, towards the definition of an architecture, and the implementation of a system that promotes re-usable adaptive educational e-content. The proposed architecture is presented, and the elements of the KOD prototype syst...

The objective of the project WiMonDi is to increase the usability and prolong the life span of assembly systems through the organized rebuilding of assembly facilities as well as the refurbishment and Re-Use of their components1. Therefore, it is necessary to develop organizational and methodical strategies and to initiate new distribution and user models between the supplier and user of assemb...

Silica ferric hydrogensulfate is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the cyclization of 2- aminochalcones to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinolin- 4(1H)-ones. This intramolecular aza Michael reaction was carried out in high yields using chalcones bearing of electron donating and electron withdrawing groups. The catalyst is reusable without significant decreases in its activity after four t...

purpose: this study aimed at evaluating the usability of central libraries’ websites of universities subordinated to the ministry of science, research and technology (msrt) from the students’ point of view. method: 30 universities had independent pages for their central library website. after making use of a two-stage cluster sampling method, 5 universities and 92 students from each university ...

This paper introduces LX-SenseAnnotator, a user-friendly interface tool for manual word sense annotation. The demonstration will show how input texts are loaded by the tool, the options available to the annotator for displaying and browsing texts, and how word senses are displayed and manually assigned. The flexibility of LX-SenseAnnotator, including the support of a variety of languages and th...

Planning essentially involves decision making of some kind either by a single or a group of decision makers (planners). Quite often these decision making tasks are loaded with multiple conflicting objectives (goals, criteria etc). It becomes a formidable tasks for the planners to find a compromise solution in such circumstances. The techniques of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) become ...

Location-based information can now be easily accessed on mobile devices and is commonly presented in the form of lists of items, maps and more recently, augmented reality (AR). Each approach (list, map, AR) has its strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we investigate the three approaches for searching and browsing location-based information, taking into account performance and users’ percept...

Rapid Way Application was developed to help drivers in finding the optimum route using GPS to reach a destination especially if there were any blocked routes/roads caused by accidents, roadwork, natural disaster, etc. This paper presents determinants for user‘s intention to use the Rapid Way Application in Rapid Way Portal. A survey was conducted with 100 respondents to determine the level of u...