an analytical nonlinear stress-strain model and a microscopic damage index for confined and unconfined concretes together with a macroscopic damage index for reinforced concrete (rc) structures under cyclic loading are proposed. in order to eliminate the problem of scale effect, an adjustable finite element computer program was generated to simulate rc structures subjected to cyclic loading. by...

An abortive infection of a rabbit cornea cell line (RC-60) by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), yielding less than 1 PFU/cell, was converted to a productive infection, yielding 1,900 PFU/cell, when cells were superinfected with vaccinia. Studies on the synthesis of VSV-directed RNA in RC-60 cells suggest that the abortive infection by VSV alone may be due in part to (i) a limited production of ...

Although it is evident that the RC infill wall an economic and practical way to improve lateral strength of framed structures a retrofitting method for existing buildings withstand earthquake loads, there are still lot limitations regarding their application. Codes do not provide any guidance design detailing or specific regulations interaction with bounding frame. Furthermore, directions exist...

the objective of this review to be submitted in two independent parts, for steel frames and for rc frames, is to compare their structural performance with respect to the proposed n2-method, and so also of the consequent convenience of using pushover methodology for the seismic analysis of these structures. a preliminary investigation is presented on a pushover analysis used for the seismic perf...

The present article starts out by proposing a framework for risk assessment of RC structures utilizing condition indicators. Thereafter, the various building stones of the suggested framework are described. This description includes a summary of the basis for the probabilistic modeling of the initiation phases of chlorideinduced corrosion of concrete structures. Furthermore, a probabilistic mod...

To investigate the enantioselectivity of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, inhibition studies were performed with Sc- and Rc-(Rp,Sp)-1,2-dialkylcarbamoylglycero-3-O-p-nitrophenyl alkylphosphonates of different alkyl chain lengths. P. cepacia lipase was most rapidly inactivated by Rc-(Rp,Sp)-1,2-dioctylcarbamoylglycero-3-O-p-nitrophenyl octylphosphonate (Rc-trioctyl) with an inactivation half-time of ...

corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the most prevalent causes of reinforced concrete (rc) structures deterioration in chloride-contaminated environments. as a result, evaluating the impact of any possible corrosion-induced damages to reinforced concrete bridges strongly affects management decisions: such as inspection, maintenance and repair actions. the corrosion propagation phase is a ...