Air fluorescence measurements of cosmic ray energy must be corrected for attenuation of the atmosphere. In this paper we show that the air-showers themselves can yield a measurement of the aerosol attenuation in terms of optical depth, time-averaged over extended periods. Although the technique lacks statistical power to make the critical hourly measurements that only specialized active instrum...

K. Tsuji, K. Tsutsumimoto, K. Nakano, K. Tanaka, A. Okhrimovskyy, Y. Konishi, and X. Ding Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto; Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585; Japan Telephone/Fax: +81-(0)6-6605-3080; E-mail: [email protected] 2) JST-PREST; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama; Japan Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physi...

For the recording of a fast tomogram a continuous recording mode is established. This enables the stepless measurement of projections over the full range of 360° in a specifi ed time (here 70 s, leading to 1994 projections in total) while the exposure time is kept constant at 25 ms. The high speed of 30 fps (full sensor resolution) and the high effi ciency of the detector, together with the hig...

BACKGROUND Emergency department visits quadrupled with the initial onset and surge during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in New York City from April to June 2009. This time period was unique in that >90% of the circulating virus was surveyed to be the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza A according to the New York City Department of Health. We describe our experience using lung ultrasound in a case ser...

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) tools appear to enhance the possibilities offered by a collaborative approach to planning. The present paper analyzes both the results of experiences of the author and of those available in the literature, highlighting possible advantages and disadvantages. After a brief introduction to the meaning of e-democracy, the second part focuses on the role of I...

background x-ray, is one of the oldest, and yet the most widely used form of medical photographing. x-ray is a valuable tool to diagnose and examine many diseases such as arthritis, spinal injuries, pneumonia, bronchitis and even cancer. running a quality control program of the radiology devices can reduce the absorbed dose in the patients. the aim of this study is to take the quality control t...

in the third century, the political multiplicity of iran was influential on various thoughts and expansion of the opposite religious interactions. benefiting from the attention towards the masses of people and equalizing among them, murjae and hanafiae could affect iran and missionaries deeply. in the middle of the third century, with the shafei’s influence in the fascinating cities of ray, ne...

This paper describes a research approach based on the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to interpret and understand the Korea’s strategy for the development of the ubiquitous city (u-city). Analyzing empirical materials from u-city development, this study traces and unpacks the interaction occurring around the u-city innovation and also identifies patterns of innovation, concentrating on negotiation a...

The Ant Colony Optimization algorithm a multiagent approach to combinatorial optimization problems is introduced for a simple ray tracing performed on only an ordinary bitmap describing a two-dimensional scenario. This bitmap can be obtained as a simple scan where different colors represent different mediums or obstacles. It is shown that using presented algorithm a path minimizing the wave tra...

Learning objectives • To evaluate indications for PET-CT in plasma cell dyscrasias and its added value over other imaging modalities with review of literature based evidence and reference to the RCR/RCP guidelines. • To discuss the use of PET-CT and subsequent clinical impact at our institution with pictorial illustration. • To discuss the limitations and potential pitfalls of PET-CT with picto...