The enemy release hypothesis is frequently invoked to explain invasion by nonnative species, but studies focusing on the influence of enemies on natural plant range expansion due to climate change remain scarce. We combined multiple approaches to study the influence of plant-enemy interactions on the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in southeastern Québec, Canada, w...

The feasibility of translocationto establish a population of the eastern box turtle (Terrapene c. carolina) was studied at Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn,NewYork, USA. The 579 ha site, originally salt marsh, was Ž lled during the 1920’s to construct a now-abandoned airport. It consists primarily of grasslands, native shrub thickets and woodlands, and mixed stands dominated by giant reed (Phragmi...

Maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are obligate, intracellular symbionts that are frequently found in insects and cause a diverse array of reproductive manipulations, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, parthenogenesis, and feminization. Despite the existence of a broad range of scientific interest, many aspects of Wolbachia research have been limited to lab...

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. There are numerous harmful substances in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Among the more than 4,000 identified compounds in smoke, many metals contribute to the health risks associated with tobacco use. Specific metals found in tobacco and tobacco smoke have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Rese...

Incremental threshold loading (ITL) has been proposed as a test of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. To date, however, there has been no standardized protocol for an ITL test, and no reference range, with different investigators using a variety of different pressure increments in small numbers of subjects. We developed an ITL test using the weighted plunger (WP) principle, which uses s...

A new Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test has been developed and optimised to measure small changes in chromatic sensitivity. In addition the test quantifies the severity of redgreen and yellow-blue loss and classifies accurately even minimal congenital deficiencies. The technique employed makes use of dynamic luminance contrast (LC) noise to mask the detection of any residual LC signals...

Mechanistic modelling approaches that explicitly translate from individual-scale resource selection to the distribution and abundance of a larger population may be better suited to predicting responses to spatially heterogeneous habitat alteration than commonly-used regression models. We developed an individual-based model of home range establishment that, given a mapped distribution of local h...

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), a major weed causing economic, environmental, and human and animal health problems in Australia and several countries in Asia, Africa, and the PaciÞc, has been a target for biological control in Australia since the mid-1970s. Nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been introduced as biological control agents into Australia. These include Carmen...

Article history: Received 26 August 2013 Accepted 11 November 2013 Available online 24 April 2014

Mitotic spindle orientation is a conserved, dynamic, and highly complex process that plays a key role in dictating the cleavage plane, fate, and positioning of cells within a tissue, therefore laying the blueprint for tissue structure and function. While the spindle-positioning pathway has been extensively studied in lower-model organisms, research over the past several years has highlighted it...