The prediction uncertainty of a hydrologic model is closely related to model formulation and the uncertainties in model parameters and inputs. Currently, the foremost challenges concern not only whether hydrologic model outputs match observations, but also whether or not model predictions are meaningful and useful in the contexts of land use and climate change. The latter is difficult to determ...

Context Runoff estimation is an important aspect of pesticide environmental behaviour and the major loss pathway to environment. Aims To improve understanding runoff. Methods Data from three rainfall simulator studies was used. Twelve pesticides were studied ranged tightly sorbed (DDE, soil sorption coefficient (KD) ~15 000 L kg−1) weakly (dimethoate, KD < 30). Key results Event runoff conce...

Abstract The impact of rainfall and light interception by litter on maintenance of surface soil water content is determined in an arid rangeland in Khabr National Park in south-east of Iran. Litter weight sampling is done by 90 square plots, each 1 m2, that are randomly placed within site. After determining the intensity of a typical storm of the region (20 mm/h), the rainfall duration requir...

Introduction Conclusions References

abstract the impact of rainfall and light interception by litter on maintenance of surface soil water content is determined in an arid rangeland in khabr national park in south-east of iran. litter weight sampling is done by 90 square plots, each 1 m2, that are randomly placed within site. after determining the intensity of a typical storm of the region (20 mm/h), the rainfall duration required...

in iran, fine grained formations (neogene's units) are very susceptible to erosion. also, they are the units producing runoff and causing soil loss in watersheds. the objectives of this study is to assess the effect of physical - chemical and mechanical properties of these formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field simulator in taleghan ...

Understanding microbial pathogen transport patterns in overland flow is important for developing best management practices for limiting microbial transport to water resources. Knowledge about the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) to reduce pathogen transport from livestock confinement areas is limited. In this study, overland and near-surface transport of Cryptosporidium parvum ha...