There is a need to develop improved accelerated test methods for evaluating the leaching of wood preservatives from treated wood exposed to precipitation. In this study the effects of rate of rainfall and length of intervals between rainfall events on leaching was evaluated by exposing specimens to varying patterns of simulated rainfall under controlled laboratory conditions. Lumber specimens w...

Though many amphibians breed in response to rainfall, rainfall can create substantial risks as well as benefits. For species that breed in ephemeral ponds and puddles, heavy rainfall can create many ‘‘false’’ ponds that quickly desiccate, particularly in wet years. As a result, nightly responses to rainfall may vary depending on seasonal or yearly rainfall. I used two years of data and previous...

In this paper, a study of slope failures along the Alishan Highway is carried out. An innovative empirical model is developed based on 15-year records of rainfall-induced slope failures. The statistical models are intended for assessing the volume of landslide for slope failure along the Alishan Highway in the future. The rainfall data considered in the proposed models include the effective cum...

This study analyzed the trends of extreme daily rainfall indices over the Indochina Peninsula from 1960 to 2007. The trends were obtained from high-resolution gridded daily rainfall data compiled by APHRODITE with coordinates of 4°N–25°N and 90E°–112°E. The indices were selected from the list of climate change indices recommended by ETCCDI, which is a joint group of WMO CCl, CLIVAR and JCOMM. T...

The effect of rainfall on the metabolism of birds is poorly understood. We measured the metabolism as rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) of four male and four female American kestrels (Falco sparverius) using open-circuit respirometry. We measured VO2 during the spring at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 5, 10, 15, and 25 degrees C in air without rainfall and with simulated rainfall of 2.5 (low rainf...

Accurate rainfall estimations based on ground-based rainfall observations and satellite-based rainfall measurements are essential for hydrological and environmental modeling in the Qaidam Basin of China. We evaluated the accuracy of daily and monthly scale Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall products in the Qaidam Basin. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to est...

Stochastic weather generators are useful for producing daily sequences that reproduce climatic statistics aggregated to, e.g., a monthly time scale, for use with biological simulation models. This paper describes a stochastic weather generator that disaggregates monthly rainfall by adjusting input parameters or by constraining output to match target rainfall totals, and demonstrates its use wit...

Andreas Nuber,1,* Mitsuharu Higashiguchi,2 Frank Forster,1 Peter Blaha,3 Kenya Shimada,4 and Friedrich Reinert1,5 1Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany 2Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan 3Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165, A-1060 Vienna, Austria...

Nonmonotoni Reasoning Joeri Engelfriet1, V. Wiktor Marek2, Jan Treur1, and Miros law Trusz zy nski2 1Free University Amsterdam Department of Mathemati s and Computer S ien e Arti ial Intelligen e Group De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands fjoeri, treurg s.vu.nl Phone: +31 20 4447756, +31 20 4447763, Fax: +31 20 4447653. 2Department of Computer S ien e University of Kentu ky Lex...

Observed regional rainfall characteristics can be analyzed by examining both the frequency and intensity of different categories of rainfall. A complementary approach is to consider rainfall characteristics associated with regional synoptic regimes. These two approaches are combined here to examine daily rainfall characteristics over the Australian region, providing a target for model simulatio...