[1] In this paper, the atmospheric precipitable water (PW) was estimated by means of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal channels brightness temperature difference (DT), over the broader area of Greece. The AVHRR derived DT was calculated in a grid of 5 5 km cells; the corresponding PW value in each grid cell was extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ...

Surface-based inversions (SBIs) are frequent features of the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer. They influence vertical mixing of energy, moisture and pollutants, cloud formation, and surface ozone destruction. Their climatic variability is related to that of sea ice and planetary albedo, important factors in climate feedback mechanisms. However, climatological polar SBI propertie...

Measurements made by microwave sounding instruments provide a multidecadal record of atmospheric temperature in several thick atmospheric layers. Satellite measurements began in late 1978 with the launch of the first Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and have continued to the present via the use of measurements from the follow-on series of instruments, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU). T...

INTRODUCTION The vertical structure of temperature and water vapor plays an important role in the meteorological processes of the atmosphere. For years the radiosonde network has been the primary observing system for monitoring tropospheric temperature and water vapor. However due to logistics and economic problems, there is a lack of observation in several regions of the Earth. For example, in...

Very steep shallow temperature inversions occur during most of the year in the near-surface layer on the Antarctic Plateau. A radiosonde carried by a balloon rising at a few meters per second does not measure such inversions accurately because the response time of the thermistor is several seconds. To quantify this error, the authors flew a radiosonde on a tethered kite on several occasions in ...

Radiosonde humidity records represent the only in situ observations of tropospheric water vapor content with multidecadal length and quasi-global coverage. However, their use has been hampered by ubiquitous and large discontinuities resulting from changes to instrumentation and observing practices. Here a new approach is developed to homogenize historical records of tropospheric (up to 100 hPa)...

The existing GPS tracking networks established primarily for surveying, geodesy and navigation purposes may also be used for meteorology studies. This research uses hourly surface temperature and pressure (T & P) observations from Australia for GPS Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) estimation. The paper outlines the basic meteorological data requirements, and presents experimental results to show ...

Using radiosonde data from 50 stations for 19731990, we quantify relationships between surface air temperature (Ts) and precipitable water vapor (W) for different time scales. Monthly _mean observations are fairly well described b 7an equation of the form In W = A + B Ts, but the coefficients _4 and B depend on the Ts range considered. At high T•, the relationship is poor. This relationship and...

In this paper the construction of real-time integrated water vapor (IWV) maps from a surface network of global positioning system (GPS) receivers is presented. The IWV maps are constructed using a twodimensional variational technique with a persistence background that is 15 min old. The background error covariances are determined using a novel two-step method, which is based on the Hollingswort...