OBJECTIVES To evaluate radiation protection basic knowledge and dose assessment for radiological procedures among Italian radiographers METHODS A validated questionnaire was distributed to 780 participants with balanced demographic characteristics and geographic distribution. RESULTS Only 12.1 % of participants attended radiation protection courses on a regular basis. Despite 90 % of radiog...

The concepts of tolerability and reasonableness are at the core of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. Tolerability allows the definition of boundaries for implementing ICRP principles, while reasonableness contributes to decisions regarding adequate levels of protection, taking into account the prevailing circumstances. In the 1970s...

Over the past decade there has been steadily increasin pressure from interested groups of people to quantif the genetic and somatic risks of ionising radiation The assessment of genetic risk is usually made fron data obtained fromcontrolledexperiments onanimals especially mice, often using the concept of th 'doubling dose'. This is the radiation dose whic] doubles the natural mutation frequency...

Interventional cardiology in Spain has gained great prestige and the country is a reference for many Latin American and European colleagues. Nevertheless, the development of the clinical and technological aspects of the discipline does not seem to have been accompanied by a similar development in radiological safety measures for professionals and patients. In 1994, the Food and Drug Administrat...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently reinforced the international system of radiological protection, initially focused on humans, by identifying principles of environmental protection and proposing a framework for assessing impacts of ionising radiation on non-human species, based on a reference flora and fauna approach. For this purpose, ICRP developed dosime...

Radiological examination is indispensable in current dental practice. Lately, dentists have become not only the beneficiaries of radiographic investigations required for diagnosis, but also their authors, as many dental offices have been authorized to have X-ray machines and carry out radiological activity. This is why dentists who perform dental X-rays have the legal and moral obligation to po...

Effective dose (E) was introduced by the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) to provide a summation of radiation doses to tissues and organs for radiological protection. For a non-uniform irradiation, E is designed to provide an estimate of the corresponding uniform whole-body dose that would result in the same stochastic detriment. E, which has the same units as equivale...

‘The primary aim of radiological protection is to provide an appropriate standard of protection for man without unduly limiting the beneficial actions giving rise to radiation exposure. This aim cannot be achieved on the basis of scientific concepts alone. All those concerned with radiological protection have to make value judgements about the relative importance of different kinds of risk and ...