Abstract A karyotypic study was performed on 12 Iranian local onion (Allium cepa L.) populations. A number of mitotic cells at metaphase stage for each population were prepared. Chromosomes of suitable mitotic cells were counted and various parameters, including long arm (L), short arm (S), total length of chromosome (TL), relative length of chromosome (RL), arm ratio (AR), r-value, total chro...

The reinforcement learning (RL) problem is the challenge of artificial intelligence in a microcosm ; how can we build an agent that can plan, learn, perceive, and act in a complex world? There's a great new book on the market that lays out the conceptual and algorithmic foundations of this exciting area. RL pioneers Rich Sutton and Andy Barto have published Reinforcement Learning: An Introducti...

Supporting for updating XML documents has recently attracted interest. This paper presents a novel declarative XML update language, which is an extension of the XML-RL query language. We define XML-RL update syntax and a set of primitive update operations to fully evolve XML into universal data representation and sharing format.

rl novel, hybrid number representation is proposed in this paper. It includes the two’s complement representation and the signed-digit representation ar special cases. Such a hybrid representation is capable of bounding the mazimum length of carry propagation chains during addition. Thus, one can select a specific hybrid number representation that limits the maximum length of all the carry prop...

Let G be a connected, simply-connected, simple algebraic group over C. We fix a Borel subgroup B of G and a maximal torus T ⊂ B. We denote their Lie algebras by g, b, h respectively. Let P+ ⊂ h be the set of dominant integral weights. For any λ ∈ P+, let V (λ) be the finite dimensional irreducible g-module with highest weight λ. We fix a positive integer l and let Rl(g) be the free Z-module wit...