antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens. the goals of this study were to evaluate adherence to guidelines and streamlining of antibiotics. hospital records of hospitalized patients in infectious diseases ward imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, from may 2008 to september 2009 were reviewed. adhe...

there is a definite correlation between cardiovascular diseases and depressive disorders. nevertheless, many aspects of this association have yet to be fully elucidated. up to half of coronary artery disease patients are liable to suffer from some depressive symptoms, with approximately 20% receiving a diagnosis of major depressive disorders. pharmacotherapy is a key factor in the management of...

background: the expanse of dendritic cells (dc) differentiation plays an important role in determining immune response. dc-based immunosuppressive drugs have notable side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers. g2013, as a novel anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, has been tested in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. the aim of this study was to cond...

background and purpose: actinomycetes have been discovered as source of antifungal compounds that are currently in clinical use. invasive aspergillosis (ia) due to aspergillus fumigatus has been identified as individual drug-resistant aspergillus spp. to be an emerging pathogen opportunities a global scale. this paper described the antifungal activity of one terrestrial actinomycete against the...

background: in some disorders such as diabetes mellitus patients can display depressive symptoms. metformin is among the first-line treatments for management of the type 2 diabetes mellitus which may have some anti-depressant effect. objective: current investigation was performed to examine the anti-depressant effects of metformin and the involvement of nitric oxide (no) in this way, in an expe...

introduction acute poisoning by oral ingestion of mixed hazardous materials can lead to multiorgan toxicity and may represent a special challenge in clinical management, in particular if little is known about the effects of the involved agents. this is especially true when industrial chemical substances have been swallowed, as a huge variety of toxic substances must be taken into account. concl...

atrial fibrillation (af) is a commonly encountered arrhythmia in our daily practice. every year a huge bulk of data is published about different management strategies, new antiarrhythmic drugs, anticoagulation protocols and ablation procedures in these patients. in this review article, we discuss different management strategies and new antiarrhythmic drugs as well as those commonly used. we wil...

background vitamin d (vit d) level may change variously in serums of patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis (anti-tb) therapy using antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate all components of calcium (ca) regulatory agents in the six- month period of standard anti- tb therapy. patients and methods eight adults whose pulmonary tb had been diagnosed...

introduction thyroid storm is a rare complication of graves' disease that can carry a poor prognosis. in order to prevent major complications, thyroid storm must be quickly identified in patients and treatment must be promptly implemented. medical treatment is usually initiated with antithyroid medications, such as propylthiouracil (ptu), methimazole, and beta-blockers. however, some patients m...

ba ckground: legionella pneumophila is  a  dangerous pathogenic bacterium can cause serious infectious diseases especially in hospitalized immuno-compromised patients. this bacterium is shown to be resistant against different antibiotics. resistance against a wide range of antibiotics is usually mediated by efflux pump in bacteria. efflux pumps are proteinaceous transporters localized in the cy...