The Gibbs random field (GRF) has proved to be a simple and practical way of parameterizing the Markov random field, which has been widely used to model an image or image-related process in many image processing applications. In particular, the GRF can be employed to construct an efficient Bayesian estimation that often yields optimal results. We describe how the GRF can be efficiently incorpora...

Push-ups are a common and practical exercise that is used to enhance fitness, including upper body strength or endurance. The kinetic characteristics of push-ups and its variations are yet to be quantified. Kinetic quantification is necessary to accurately evaluate the training load, and thus the nature of the training stimulus, for these exercise variations. This study assessed the peak vertic...

Quantifying muscle and joint forces over a broad range of weight bearing loads during exercise may provide data required to improve prosthetic materials and better protect against muscle and bone loss. Collectively, leg intramuscular pressure (IMP), ground reaction force (GRF), and the instrumented tibial tray force measurements provide a comprehensive assessment of leg muscle and joint biomech...

The study examined the relationship among social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress. The authors specifically hypothesized that the direct negative effect of social connectedness on psychological distress would be mediated by dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors. Prior to testing the hypothesis, the authors revised the original Social Connectedness...

Let T be the attractor of injective contractions f1, . . . , fm on R 2 that satisfy the Open Set Condition. If T is connected, ∂T is arcwise connected. In particular, the boundary of the Lévy dragon is arcwise connected.

A new technique for the study of geodesic connectedness in a class of Lorentzian manifolds is introduced. It is based on arguments of Brouwer’s topological degree for the solution of functional equations. It is shown to be very useful for multiwarped spacetimes, which include different types of relativistic spacetimes. Connectedness by causal geodesics is also proved. r 2002 Elsevier Science (U...

We study the probability of connectedness for structures of size n when all components must have size at least m: In the border between almost certain connectedness and almost certain disconnectedness, we encounter a generalized Buchstab function of n=m: r 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

We investigate (quantifier-free) spatial constraint languages with equality, contact and connectedness predicates, as well as Boolean operations on regions, interpreted over low-dimensional Euclidean spaces. We show that the complexity of reasoning varies dramatically depending on the dimension of the space and on the type of regions considered. For example, the logic with the interior-connecte...

peptide that specifically stimulates both synthesis and secretion of pituitary GH [1]. GRF is released into the hypophyseal-portal vessels under control by a variety of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. After reaching the pituitary, GRF binds to its specific receptors [1] on somatotrophs and generates bursts of GH secretion episodically [2]. Earlier ligand-binding and functional studies in r...