Let IBn be the set of all irreducible matrices in Bn and let SIBn be the set of all symmetric matrices in IBn. Finding an upper bound for the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn and determining gaps in the set of indices of matrices in IBn and SIBn has been studied by many researchers. In this paper, we establish a best upper bound for the set of weak exponents of indecomposability of ma...

In this work we consider the design principles of the Instance-Based Network (IBN), an extended version of a generic Content-Based Network(CBN). IBN acts as an overlay communication platform over which end-point entities, called contents, communicate independently from their physical locations while providing the flexibility of having different instances of the same content. The semantics of di...

Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi was born in March 1162 in his grandfather’s house in a street called Darb al-Faludhaj in Baghdad. He died there on 9 November 1231, and was buried in the Wardiyah cemetery next to his father, Yusuf. Abd al-Latif travelled extensively and spent a large part of his life in Aleppo, Cairo and Damascus, all three of which were important intellectual centres in the medieval I...

The American Board of Urology (ABU) has a very distinct mission that is often misunderstood by urologists in the community. In addition, there is an enormous number of acronyms associated with the ABU. In this paper, I will attempt to explain the workings of the ABU and to define and explain the acronyms. The mission of the ABU is to act for the benefit of the public to insure a high quality, s...

mortaza and who was later on given the title alam al - hoda by vizier abu said mohammad ibn al-hossein.    mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father emam hossein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of ashura, he defended shi'as basic thoughts and its ideals.    he has grown under the care of his mot...

Objective: Avicenna (Abu Ali al-Hossein ibn Abdullah ibn Sina) who had a special attention toward diseases treatments, gathered results of ages of herbal medicine experiments on humans and animals in his book “Al-Qānūn fī Ṭibb” or "The Canon of Medicine", which is a reliable book in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this research was to build a reliable list of plants effective against ...