Recent years witnessed a growing interest in non-standard epistemic logics of knowing whether, knowing how, knowing what, knowing why and so on. The new epistemic modalities introduced in those logics all share, in their semantics, the general schema of ∃x φ , e.g., knowing how to achieve φ roughly means that there exists a way such that you know that it is a way to ensure that φ . Moreover, th...

the hydroxyl radical (oh•) is a powerful oxidant produced as a consequence of cavitation in water. it can react nonspecifically in breaking down persistent organic pollutants in water into their mineral form. it can also recombine to form hydrogen peroxide which is very useful in water treatment. in this study, terephthalic acid (ta) and potassium iodide dosimetry were used to quantify and inve...

micrornas constitute a group of small non-coding rnas that negatively regulate gene expression. aside from their contribution to biological and pathological pathways, altered expression of micrornas is reported in bio-fluid samples, such as serum. to employ serum's micrornas as potential biomarkers, it is crucial to develop an efficient method for microrna quantification, avoiding pre-analytica...

introduction: it is recommended that the physician apply at least a semi-quantitative segmental scoring system in myocardial perfusion spect.  we aimed to assess the agreement between automated semi-quantitative analysis using qps (quantitative perfusion spect) software and visual approach for calculation of summed stress  score (sss), summed rest score (srs) and summed difference score (sds). ...

According to ontological pluralism, there are different modes of being — different ways to exist. The view has been thought dead for a long time, destroyed by the Quinean doctrine that to be is to be needed as the value of a variable bound by an existential quantifier. Announcements of its death were premature. Ontological pluralism is consistent with the Quinean doctrine if there are multiple ...

Heim [9] notes certain restrictions on quantifier intervention in comparatives and proposes an LF-constraint to account for this. I show that these restrictions are identical to constraints on intervention in wh-questions widely discussed under the heading of weak islands. I also show that Heim’s proposal is too restrictive: existential quantifiers can intervene. Both of these facts follow from...

Virtual Substitution is an existential quantifier elimination method for statements of First Order Logic over the Reals (FOLR) satisfying certain constraints. Although not a comprehensive QE tool, it’s relative simplicity and efficiency compared to other QE techniques make it a useful method. Moreover, Virtual Substitution can be very useful for proving results about CPS models that involve pol...

In this paper we consider an extremal problem regarding multigraphs with edge multiplicity bounded by a positive integer q. Given a family F of q-multigraphs, define ex(n,F ) to be the maximum number of edges (counting multiplicities) that a q-multigraph on n vertices can have without containing a copy of any F ∈ F (not necessarily induced). It is well known that τ(F ) = limn→∞ ex(n,F )/ (n 2 )...

This paper is a sequel to the papers [4, 6] in which an alternative skolemization method called ekolemization was introduced that, when applied to the strong existential quantifiers in a formula, is sound and complete for constructive theories. Based on that method an analogue of Herbrand’s theorem was proved to hold as well. In this paper we extend the method to universal quantifiers and show ...

First-order constraints over the reals appear in numerous contexts. Usually existential quantification occurs when some parameter can be chosen by the user of a system, and univeral quantification when the exact value of a parameter is either unknown, or when it occurs in infinitely many, similar versions. The following is a list of application areas and publications that contain applications f...