The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2012 upgraded its hazard characterization of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) to "carcinogenic to humans." The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) cohort and nested case-control studies of lung cancer mortality in eight U.S. nonmetal mines were influential in IARC's determination. We conducted a reanalysis of the DEMS case-control data to e...

To develop a quantitative exposure-response relationship between concentrations and durations of inhaled diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and increases in lung cancer risks, we examined the role of temporal factors in modifying the estimated effects of exposure to DEE on lung cancer mortality and characterized risk by mine type in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) cohort, which followed 12,3...

Determining the relationship between an exposure and the resulting target tissue dose is a critical issue encountered in quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Classical or physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models can be useful in performing that task. Interest in using these models to improve extrapolations between species, routes, and exposure levels in QRA has therefore grown considera...

A comprehensive review of both the scientific literature and industry practices was undertaken to identify and quantify all sources of contamination throughout the entire poultry meat production chain by Salmonella spp. This information was used to develop a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model for Salmonella in the production chain from the breeder farm to the chilled carcass. This was sub...

HyRAM is a methodology and accompanying software toolkit, which is being developed to provide a platform for integration of state-of-the-art, validated science and engineering models and data relevant to hydrogen safety. As such, the HyRAM software toolkit establishes a standard methodology for conducting quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and consequence analysis relevant to assessing the safe...

Offshore installations are designed to withstand against potential collisions from offshore supply vessels (OSV). Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) provides an overall picture of expected collision frequencies and consequences for the design life a platform subsequently estimates damage repair cost. However, main challenge QRA study is how well various uncertainties implemented into model. Thi...

Red king crab (RKC) has become a valuable resource, and most of this fishery operates in quota-regulated area (QRA) east 26°E. West the QRA, free (FFA) is established to limit further migration. Today, juvenile RKCs from FFA are not utilized. This study investigated morphological quality parameters adult (≥800 g) after live holding (LH) 23 months starting juveniles (on average 500 g). During LH...

Purpose Container shipping is a crucial component of the global supply chain that affected by large range operational risks with high uncertainty, threatening stability service, manufacture, distribution and profitability involved parties. However, quantitative risk analysis (QRA) container (CSOR) being obstructed lack well-established theoretical structure to guide deeper research efforts. Thi...

Landfills are the dominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in many developing countries, which extremely susceptible to failure under circumstances high pore water pressure and insufficient compaction. Catastrophic landfill failures have occurred worldwide, causing large numbers fatalities. Tianziling landfill, one largest engineered sanitary landfills China, has experienced mass...