the paper aims to examine why women took part in the battles at the advent of islam and how much they were effective in the promotion of islam. the participation of women in battles in the advent of islam is one of its undeniable and sure facts, and however, islam is against the women to take part in battles as warriors, yet, nothing in the cases of saving oneself or defending the holy prophet’...

The legal battles over GM crop trials in Europe are hotting up, reports Nigel Williams.

Abstract Japaridze’s provability logic ${\operatorname {GLP}}$ has one modality $[n]$ for each natural number and been used by Beklemishev a proof theoretic analysis of Peano arithmetic (${\operatorname {PA}}$) related theories. Among other benefits, this yields the so-called Every Worm Dies {EWD}}$) principle, combinatorial statement independent {PA}}$. Recently, Pakhomov have studied notions ...