A rigours mathematical model based on the bivariate population balance frame work (the base of LLECMOD ‘‘Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column Module’’) for the steady state and dynamic simulation of pulsed liquid-liquid extraction columns is developed. The model simulates the coupled hydrodynamic and mass transfer for pulsed (packed and sieve plate) extraction columns. It is implemented using visual...

The soft γ–ray source GX 1+4 has been regularly monitored by the SIGMA telescope on board GRANAT since 1990. The accumulated data provides both period and spectral information on this source in the 35–150 keV range. The SIGMA telescope also allows a determination of a pulsed fraction. We report here on the last six years of the SIGMA data on GX 1+4. The general spin down trend is confirmed and ...

XMM-Newton observed the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 during its 2008 outburst. We present timing and spectral analyses of this observation, in particular the first pulse profile study below 2 keV, and the high-resolution spectral analysis of this source during the outburst. Combined spectral and pulse profile analyses suggest the presence of a strong unpulsed source below 2 keV...

Once a transparent liquid jet is ablated by an intense nanosecond laser pulse, the blast breaks column into two sections with logarithmically growing gap that originates from center. We found acts like optical fiber which transmits few percent of pulsed energy upstream, leading to material removal nozzle orifice. The accompanied thermal explosion forms sunflower patterned sheet near present res...

An experimental investigation of the primary breakup of round nonturbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflow is described. Pulsed shadowgraph and holograph observations were made to determine the following breakup properties: primary breakup regimes, conditions required for the onset of ligament and drop formation, ligament and drop sizes along the liquid surface, drop velocities after breakup, ...

A new fast screening method has been developed for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water that takes less than 10 min to perform and has detection limits of the order of 10 ng l21. Pesticide extraction was achieved by solid-phase microextraction and the separation was performed using a micro-bore (0.1 mm) capillary column. A laboratory-built cryotrap system was used to focus the ana...

Experimental bioreactors operated as recirculated closed systems were inoculated with bacterial cultures that utilized methane, propane, and tryptone-yeast extract as aerobic carbon and energy sources and degraded trichloroethylene (TCE). Up to 95% removal of TCE was observed after 5 days of incubation. Uninoculated bioreactors inhibited with 0.5% Formalin and 0.2% sodium azide retained greater...