nephritis remains an important problem in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we conducted retrospective study to evaluate the efficiency of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis: from 1983 to 1993, we reviewed 133 patients with biopsy proven lupus nephritis, 47 of them excluded because of short period of follow-up or defective laboratory data. eighty six patients ...

The role of the amplitude, number, and duration of unipolar rectangular electric pulses in cell membrane electropermeabilization in vitro has been the subject of several studies. With respect to unipolar rectangular pulses, an improved efficiency has been reported for several modifications of the pulse shape: separate bipolar pulses, continuous bipolar waveforms, and sine-modulated pulses. In t...

One of the most serious problems in high-power, short-pulse, 10.6#m CO2 laser systems is the efficiency. When the short-pulse (pulse duration _~ 1 ns) amplification efficiency is compared to the efficiency of normal "long-pulse" (pulse duration "-lOOns) CO2 amplifying systems, the former is rather poor. As is well-known, energy extraction from a laser amplifier only occurs at the wavelengths wh...

conclusions anova results showed that the effect of cycle and time on the selected bacterial removal efficiency were more important than that of the microbial concentration. results the results showed that e. coli and e. faecalis were effectively treated at 10 pulse/s in 9 minutes and 6 log cfu/ml bacterial suspension (p < 0.0001 for e. coli with 99.99% (4 log) and p = 0.0002 for e. faecalis wi...

We present efforts to mitigate debris from laser-produced Sn plasma by introducing a low energy pre-pulse while keeping high in-band conversion efficiency from laser to 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. The basic idea is to separate the processes of plasma production and 13.5 nm EUV light generation. A low energy pre-pulse is introduced to create a pre-plume; the main pulse then heats up...

In this paper, we give a numerical approach for approximating the solution of second kind Volterra integral equation with Logarithmic kernel using Block Pulse Functions (BPFs) and Taylor series expansion. Also, error analysis shows efficiency and applicability of the presented method. Finally, some numerical examples with exact solution are given.

in this article, a numerical method based on  improvement of block-pulse functions (ibpfs) is discussed for solving the system of linear volterra and fredholm integral equations. by using ibpfs and their operational matrix of integration, such systems can be reduced to a linear system of algebraic equations. an efficient error estimation and associated theorems for the proposed method are also ...

BACKGROUND To study the oxygen uptake efficiency and determine usefulness of submaximal parameters of oxygen uptake in systemic lupus erythematosus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE PAH) on performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). METHODS CPET was performed in 21 SLE PAH patients, equal number of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and controls. ...