This research paper addresses secularization from both political and religious perspectives. One of its manifestations in the political sphere is that of globalization that can lead to alienation within society; and in the United Kingdom this is exemplified by Brexit. Within the religious sphere secularization is usually couched in oppositional terms. This paper reclaims the original use ...

Nowadays with the ever-increasing growth in social media platforms and the creation of different forms of online activism, the word known as “Campaign” has become a familiar and useful term in people’s everyday lives. Campaigns with all kinds of social aims especially using Hashtags are run on social media platforms by individuals, charities, NGOs, governments, municipalities and brand companie...

The discourse of participation in and about Brazil has contributed to the wider discourse of the public sphere. As anoccasion to revise the general concept of the public sphere, it carries its own limitations as well. The public sphereis an arena where citizens come together to discuss matters of general interest and through this discussion are thenable to influence the state. The c...

an the public sphere be understood as a cultural phenomenon? Perhaps, C although an approach through the social seems less circuitous. This may be due in part to Habermas’s lucid formation in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere ([1962] 1989). The term “public sphere” conjures in the mind an image of place, whether we see the coffee houses, salons, and debating clubs of seventeent...