The DNA from 17 lymphoid tumors induced by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was digested with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. Filter hybridization analysis using radioactive probes specific for the BLV genome showed that all tumors contained at least one or a portion of one provirus. Digestion of these proviruses with Sac I demonstrated that deletions occurred in about 25% of the cases and invol...

This article presents a conceptual framework for the study of the distribution and determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in populations, by combining demographic and epidemiological approaches. The proximate-determinants framework has been applied extensively in the study of fertility and child survival in developing countries. Key to the framework is the identification o...

the gross calorific value (gcv) or heating value of a sample of fuel is one of the important properties which defines the energy of the fuel. many researchers have proposed empirical formulas for estimating gcv value of coal. there are some known methods like bomb calorimeter for determining the gcv in the laboratory. but these methods are cumbersome, costly and time consuming. in this paper, m...

Social plasticity is a ubiquitous feature of animal behaviour. Animals must adjust the expression of their social behaviour to the nuances of daily social life and to the transitions between life-history stages, and the ability to do so affects their Darwinian fitness. Here, an integrative framework is proposed for understanding the proximate mechanisms and ultimate consequences of social plast...

We address the problem of automatic analysis of geometrically proximate nets in VLSI layout by presenting a framework (named FASCL) which supports pairwise analysis of nets based on a geometric kernel. The exact form of the analysis function can be specified to the kernel, which assumes a coupling function based on pairwise interaction between geometrically proximate nets. The user can also att...

We thank Dr. Hicken for her commentary (1) on our article regarding disparities in the distributions of blood pressure across racial/ethnic groups in the United States (2). She correctly places our results, which largely show that proximate risk factors are inadequate to explain disparities, in the context of a larger body of literature that suggests that broader social determinants of health m...

This paper presents a systematic study of the surface chemistry, porous texture and adsorptive characteristics of prepared new activated carbon using Persian mesquite grain. Several techniques and methodologies such as, proximate analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoe...

Positive autocorrelation implies that proximate observations take on similar values. “Proximate” can be defined in many different dimensions. In a cross-section of nations, it can be defined using physical distance, cultural similarity, ecological similarity, or using frequency and intensity of interaction, such as trade relationships or enemy and ally relationships. Autocorrelation of regressi...