UNLABELLED Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus infecting Giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. GLV (genus Giardiavirus) is a member of family Totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including Leish...

The most accurate method for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is the identification of clinical signs and the presence of anti-Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid; acupuncture is not useful. Author’s addresses: Equine Internal Medicine Consulting, 3288 Valhalla Dr., Lexington, KY 40515 (Fenger) and Dept. of Veterinary Science, 108 Gluck Equine Research Cente...

BACKGROUND Worldwide particularly in developing countries, a large proportion of the population is at risk for tropical parasitic diseases. Several medicinal plants are still used traditionally against protozoal infections in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Thus the present study investigated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of twenty-five plants collected from the Arabian Peninsula. METHODS Plant...

Parasitic infestations demonstrated a decline in the past decade as a result of better hygiene practices and improved socioeconomic conditions. Nevertheless, global immigration, increased numbers of the immunocompromised people, international traveling, global warming, and rapid urbanization of the cities have increased the susceptibility of the world population to parasitic diseases. A number ...

Sixteen zebu-cross steers, kept under grazing conditions, were supplemented with increasing levels of concentrate (0.4, 0.7 and 1.0% of body weight) over three periods of 41, 41 and 42 days, respectively. The animals were divided into four groups, a control plus groups supplemented with either monensin, yeast culture or a combination of monensin and yeast culture. Samples of rumen contents were...

The relative contributions to O2 consumption made by the protozoal and bacterial populations present within the rumen were determined by using an open-type oxygen electrode system. Measurements indicated that two separate microbial populations contributed approximately equally to ruminal O2 consumption over the O2 concentration range experienced in situ (0.25 to 1.0 microM). The populations wer...

Advanced HIV infection is frequently complicated by diarrhea, disruption of bowel structure and function, and malnutrition. Resulting malabsorption of or pharmacokinetic changes in antiretroviral agents might lead to subtherapeutic drug dosing and treatment failure in individual patients, and could require dose adjustment and/or dietary supplements during periods of diarrheal illness. We determ...