Life expectancy at birth now stands at 79 years in France, according to vital registration data. Mortality data for the Ancien Régime can be found in the parish registers in which local priests recorded baptisms, marriages and burials. They are found in a few parishes from the end of the 15th century, and were brought into general use by a royal decree of 1667. The demographers who first began ...

The future of pensions has been a prominent issue in French public debate for at least fifteen years. Two key events were the release of the report entitled “Aging in Solidarity” (Vieillir solidaires) by the State Planning Commission (Commissariat Général du Plan) in 1986 [1, 2] and that of the “White Paper on Pensions” (Livre blanc sur les retraites) in 1991 [3]. Since then, the topic has stay...

The first quarter of 2004 found French public research laboratories in unprecedented turmoil, partly from the budget cuts made since 2002, and partly from 550 permanent civil service jobs being turned into fixed-term contract appointments. It is this latter minimal cost-saving measure around which the debate has crystallized. For the government, it reflected an aim to see greater diversificatio...

A the end of 2003 the human population crossed a historic, but so far little noticed, threshold: more than 50 per cent of the world’s people now live in a country or a region in which fertility is below 2.1 children per woman, the level conventionally regarded as indicating long-run replacement of the population (see boxes 1 and 2) [1]. A convenient way to illustrate this is to plot a curve tha...

background: during recent years, infection of acinetobacter baumanii showed a rapid growth in hospitals and community. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the most important pattern recognition receptors, which play a critical role during recognizing invading pathogens by the natural immune system. our objective was to determine the associations of tlrs polymorphisms with the susceptibility to a. ba...

Introduction The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the regulations enforced to control it caused significant alterations in daily routines worldwide. Lockdowns, remote working schooling favoured virtual interactions increased “free-time”, with internet posing as a preferential means of distraction. Statistics from pornographic websites have shown rise traffic during lockdown periods, problema...

read with interest the article from Chytra and colleagues, who investigated the eff ectiveness and safety of continuous infusion (CI) of meropenem compared with intermittent infusion (II) in a large cohort (n = 240) of critically ill patients [1]. Th ey found that although clinical cure at the end of therapy was similar between the two strategies, micro bio logical success was higher in the CI ...

background : visual impairment is a very important public health problem. in iran, reports of visual impairment and blindness have been published from the urban population while the prevalence of visual impairment in the rural popu-lation has not been reported. the purpose of this study to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, in a rural population in district of based on ag...

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers are best choice for the genetic structure assessment of a population due to codominant inheritance, high polymorphism, mutation rate and ease of use [1,2]. Polymorphic STR loci have become useful tool for DNA analysis and typing for human identification and paternity testing for forensic purposes in most of the forensic laboratories in the world [3,4]. Determin...