The 20 known transforming onc genes of retroviruses are defined by sequences which are transduced from cellular genes, termed proto-onc genes. Based on these sequences, viral onc genes have been postulated to be transduced cellular cancer genes and proto-onc genes have been postulated to be latent cancer genes that can be activated from within the cell, to cause virus-negative tumours. The hypo...

Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes that are expressed during normal growth and developmental processes. Altered versions of normal proto-oncogenes have been implicated in the development of human neoplasia. In this report, we show the detection of activated proto-oncogenes in various spontaneous and chemically induced rodent tumors. The majority of activated proto-oncogenes found in these tumor...

For over a century the text of the Phaistos Disk remained an enigma without a convincing translation. This paper presents a novel semi-automatic translation method that uses for the first time a recently discovered connection between the Phaistos Disk symbols and other ancient scripts, including the Old Hungarian alphabet. The connection between the Phaistos Disk script and the Old Hungarian al...

ABSTRACT We report the first detection in JK = 10–00 rotational transition line of CH3D towards three Class 0/I proto-brown dwarfs (proto-BDs) from IRAM 30-m observations. Assuming a temperature 25 K, abundances (relative to H2) are range (2.3–14.5) × 10−7. The CH4 derived and assuming DCO+/HCO+ ratios (0.05–4.8) 10−5. gas-phase formation via CH2D+ is enhanced at high densities 108–1010 cm−3 ou...

The defective acute leukemia viruses avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and E26 virus each contain an inserted cellular sequence related to the same highly conserved cellular gene, proto-amv. The oncogenes of these two retroviruses differ from this cellular proto-oncogene in gene structure, transcript structure, and gene product. The product of the AMV oncogene (myb) is a 48,000 Mr protein, p48my...

The Earth formed through accretion of planetesimals in 1–100 million years. Planetesimal impacts induce degassing, melting, and vaporization during accretion. The impact degassing, as well as the gravitational capture of the surrounding solar nebula gas, formed the proto-atmosphere on a growing Earth. The impact of heating and the blanketing effect of the proto-atmosphere resulted in the meltin...

We consider an information-theoretic model studying the conditions when a separation between the dynamics of a ’proto-cell’ and its proto-symbolic representation becomes beneficial in terms of preserving the proto-cell’s information in a noisy environment. In particular, we are interested in understanding the behaviour at the “error threshold” level which, in our case, turns out to be a whole “...

The accumulation of genetic damage in the forms of activated proto-oncogenes and inactivated tumor-suppressor genes is the driving force in the evolution of a normal cell to a malignant cell. For example, both the activation of ras oncogenes and the inactivation of several suppressor genes, including p53, have been observed in the development of human colon and lung tumors. Point mutations in k...

Introduction. The paper considers the hunting vocabulary in Komi language. As an independent microsystem, it studies designations used for nomination of small fur-bearing animals living on territory Republic. whole set lexical units refers to both types forest inhabitants – predators and herbivores. analysis factual material is carried out establish main stages formation development this compon...