The effect of surface or lattice modification of nanoparticles (NPs) on terrestrial plants is poorly understood. We investigated the impact of different zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs on green pea (Pisum sativum L.), one of the highest consumed legumes globally. Pea plants were grown for 65 d in soil amended with commercially available bare ZnO NPs (10 nm), 2 wt% alumina doped (Al2O3@ZnO NPs, 15 nm), or ...

A pea protein isolate was hydrolyzed by a double enzyme treatment method in order to obtain short peptide sequences used as raw materials to produce lipopeptides-based surfactants. Pea protein hydrolysates were prepared using the combination of Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The influence of the process variables was studied to optimize the proteolytic degradation to high degrees of hydrolysis. The ...

In a previous study (Kindt et al. 1983, 1984) it was assumed that a protein hydrolysate, devoid of phenylalanine, together with intact protein as given to children with phenylketonuria (PKU), was equivalent to egg or milk protein. One group of children was given this 'PKU protein' in amounts corresponding to the Joint FAO/WHO ad hoc Expert Committee (1973) recommendations. The results indicated...

Heat-induced plant protein gels commonly require high concentration and temperatures. However, hydrolysis of some proteins may promote their gelation under milder conditions. In this study, Alcalase (EC No. 3.4.21.62) was used to quickly (3 min) hydrolyze pea proteins, the physicochemical properties gelling capacity hydrolysates were investigated. Hydrolysates showed a degree more than 6.5%, mo...

Most chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins are synthesized with N-terminal presequences that direct their import into the appropriate organelle. In this report we have analyzed the specificity of standard in vitro assays for import into isolated pea chloroplasts and mitochondria. We find that chloroplast protein import is highly specific because mitochondrial proteins are not imported to any d...

Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients also anti-nutritional substances. The aim study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia white lupin (Lupinus albus narrow-leafed angustifolius yellow lupine luteus...

The ability of green pea (Pisum sativum var. Alaska) stem sections to elongate in response to H(+) has been reinvestigated. Contrary to the conclusions of Barkley and Leopold, (Plant Physiol. 1973. 52: 76-78) these sections elongate in response to H(+) whenever H(+) entry through the cuticle is facilitated by slits, holes, or removal. Both live and frozen-thawed sections can undergo acid-induce...

The nutritional content of a few foods diet, supplemented with a casein hydrolysate formula (n = 24) or a whey hydrolysate formula (n = 21), was studied in 45 children with atopic dermatitis. The six day weighed food inventory record method was used to estimate the mean daily intake of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin C on normal diet and on the few foods diet. The diet...

Several vegetables and vegetable residues were used as sources of enzymes capable to discolor indigo carmine (IC), completely or partially. Complete discoloration was achieved with aqueous extracts of green pea seeds and peels of green pea, cucumber, and kohlrabi, as well as spring onion leaves. The source of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), pH, time, and aeration is fundamental for the discoloration ...

Functional properties and antioxidative activity of a protein hydrolysate prepared from Acanthogobius hasta processing by-product protein during solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae were investigated. Overall, protease activity increased with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) decreased during solid-state fermentation. All the protein hydrolysate had excellent solubility, possessed inter...