Protamine is widely used for reversing systemic heparinization after cardiac catheterization. Although rare, major reactions to protamine that simulate anaphylaxis occasionally occur and have previously been associated only with an allergic reaction to fish. Because neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin includes protamine, it might be anticipated that NPH insulin-dependent diabetic patients ...

BACKGROUND Because protamine is administered to reverse heparin, a drug that might itself affect the pharmacologic properties of protamine, this study was designed to assess the properties of protamine alone and in the presence of heparin in conscious dogs. METHODS Twelve dogs were instrumented to continuously record cardiac and regional hemodynamics. On separate occasions, a dose of protamin...

Immobilization of protamine to the inner lumen of cellulose hollow fibers has been shown useful in preventing both heparin- and protamine-induced complications during an extracorporeal blood circulation procedure. The current study examined the effects of variables on the immobilization of protamine to cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated cellulose hollow fibers. The degree of protamine immobiliza...

A unique and simple colorimetric method for the quantitation of plasma protamine levels has been developed. The method is established on the competitive binding displacement mechanism between protamine and heparin-azure A dye complex, and the metachromatic color change of azure A dye in the presence of heparin. Because the method is based on the clinical specificity of protamine as the heparin ...

Phenotypic adaptations may be the result of changes in gene structure or gene regulation, but little is known about the evolution of gene expression. In addition, it is unclear whether the same selective forces may operate at both levels simultaneously. Reproductive proteins evolve rapidly, but the underlying selective forces promoting such rapid changes are still a matter of debate. In particu...

The effect of protamine on the proliferative activity of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was examined in α-naphthyl isothiocyanate-intoxicated rats. Protamine preinjection increased the hepatocyte labeling index induced by HGF four- to fivefold. A similar effect was also observed in partially hepatectomized rats. Because a cell surface heparin-like substance can bind to HGF and protamine has an ...

The administration of protamine to patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to neutralize heparin and to reduce the risk of bleeding, induces activation of the classical complement pathway mainly by heparin-protamine complexes. We investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) contributes to protamine-induced complement activation. In 24 patients during myocardial revascularization, we m...

Treatment of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells and human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells with protamine at 37 degrees C increased the 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding activity at 4 degrees C. The effect of protamine on the increase of 125I-EGF binding activity appeared to be time, temperature, and dose dependent. This up-modulation of 125I-EGF binding by protamine correlated with protamine enhanc...

Background: An optimal dosage and infusion regime for protamine reversal of heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass is important. Methods: Protamine dosages of either 2mg/kg or 4mg/kg bodyweight were compared in 40 patients after first time coronary arterial bypass grafting. Protamine was infused with a syringe driver over 20 minutes. Arterial blood sampling was performed prior to and during surge...