This paper is designed to assist health care payers and policymakers to restructure payment systems in ways that will improve the quality of health care and reduce (or slow the growth in) the costs of health care. Drawing on the research and proposals of many researchers and practitioners, it attempts to: summarize the key concepts involved in any discussion of ways to restructure payment syste...

1 ©Meir Kohn 2014 8. THE COMMERCIAL SYSTEM OF PAYMENTS AND REMITTANCE Merchants constantly needed to make and receive payment—often in large amounts. They did so when buying and selling goods and services, when borrowing and lending, when paying tolls and taxes, and when discharging debts and distributing profits. Also, because merchants operated in multiple locations distant from one another, ...

background equity of access to health and provider payment mechanism in healthcare is a worldwide debated. healthcare reforms are primarily designed to improve productivity, economic efficiency and quality of care; however, an appropriate reimbursement of healthcare providers for services offered to patients and marinating a robust payment mechanism are not elucidated yet. conclusions no single...

The interplay between finance and technology with the use of internet triggered emergence digital payment technologies. Such technological innovation in industry is foundation for financial inclusion. However, despite continuous progress potential moving landscape towards payments connecting population to ubiquitous environment, some critical issues need be addressed achieve a more harmonious i...

Although the motivating role of feedback and progress indicators is understood in formal learning, their role in supporting incidental mobile learning is less well understood. In this paper we argue that well-designed feedback and progress indicators (FPIs) offer guidance and structure that may encourage mobile app users to move from fragmented learning episodes towards a longer term, reflectiv...

For user-friendliness purposes, many modern software systems provide progress indicators for longrunning tasks. These progress indicators continuously estimate the percentage of the task that has been completed and when the task will finish. However, none of the existing program compilation tools provide a non-trivial progress indicator, although it often takes minutes or hours to build a large...

In this paper, the multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows is considered. The objective is the maximization of the net present value of all cash flows. Time value of money is taken into consideration, and cash inand outflows are associated with activities and/or events. The resources can be of renewable, nonrenewable, and doubly constrained resource...