Madam We read with great interest the editorial on progestogen-only emergency contraception (POEC).1 The author refers incorrectly to a July 2002 article as the first case report of ectopic pregnancy following failed postcoital POEC. In late 2000 we undertook a post-marketing surveillance study of POEC prescription in France in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of this method in ‘rea...

Combined hormonal contraceptives consist of an estrogen and a progestogen, and act primarily by preventing ovulation through the inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The progestogen component also renders the cervical mucus relatively impenetrable to sperm and reduces the receptivity of the endometrium to implantation. These mechanisms render combined hormonal con...

OBJECTIVE During the past few years serious concern has been raised about the safety of combined estrogen/progestogen hormone therapy, in particular about its effects on the breast. Several observations suggest that androgens may counteract the proliferative effects of estrogen and progestogen in the mammary gland. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of testosterone addition on breast cell prol...

It is well established that all non-hysterectomised women taking oestrogen replacement therapy should receive additional progestogen to reduce the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia1–3 and cancer.4 Progestogens are either added cyclically on a monthly (sequential), or 3monthly basis (tricyclic) or continuously (period-free or no bleed). Alternative combinations such as bimonthly,5 6monthly6 a...

decline suggests that the implanted oestradiol is eliminated from body tissues much more slowly than thought previously (figure). We emphasise that according to the recommendations in the Data Sheet Compendium our patients were not overdosed but were treated with a conventional regimen of 50 mg oestradiol implants reinserted roughly every six months. The mean oestradiol dose a year was 83 mg, w...

Depo-Provera® is depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) aqueous suspension 150 mg in 1 ml formulated for deep IM injection. [2] This is most commonly used. Sayana Press® is DMPA 104 mg in 0.65 ml formulated for SC injection first licensed in the UK in 2011. [3] It is bio-equivalent to Depo-Provera®. It may be preferable to Depo-Provera® in women on anticoagulants or with a bleeding disorder. ...

Management considerations Pretreatment evaluation Vasomotor symptoms Urogenital and Vaginal symptoms The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women Progestogen indication Venous thromboembolism Stroke Diabetes mellitus Breast cancer Endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Gallbladder disease Osteoporosis Dementia and cognitive decline Dep...

Norethisterone ethanate (200 mg every 84 days) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (150 mg every three months) were found to be completely effective in fertility control when started in the puerperium. Neither agent had any ill effect on the amount of milk or the duration of lactation. From the third month onward the three-hourly available milk and the infant weight gain per month were statisticall...