We analyze pricing and protection (digital rights management) strategies in a two-echelon supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer of digital products. The demand for the legal (non-pirated) product, which depends on both price and monetary investment in protection, is assumed to be uncertain. Three different supply chain models are analyzed: manufacturer Stackelberg, retaile...

In this paper, we propose a grouping based method to solve the stereo matching problem. We employ intensity segments on scan lines of stereo images as primitives for matching, and formulate the problem by introducing a multi-stage grouping process of the intensity segments. A relation that should be satisfied between a matching pair of intensity segments and Some constraints, including the self...

This paper examines the relationship between how hospital ownership is organized and the intensity of competition in the health care market. I study the question using an empirical entry model. These models typically exhibit multiple equilibria. To resolve this problem, a novel algorithm that computes all the equilibria of the game is developed. This paper uses the algorithm togetherwith two di...

the derakhte senged area is located in south of neishaboor town at khorasan razavi province. in this research, desertification intensity of derakht senged area was evaluated using imdpa, one of the newest method to assess desertification potential in arid and semi arid regions of iran. to evaluate desertification intensity, based on the primary research in this area, 4 criteria were selected in...

In this paper, we study the optimal order quantity decisions for a risk-averse newsvendor with a backorder case, where it is assumed that all or part of the excess demands of the customers can be backlogged. The optimal decisions are obtained under the popular Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) criterion, which is to control the risk of the profit due to uncertain market demands. We study two bas...

Recent research has demonstrated that judgments of Chief Executive Officers' (CEOs') faces predict their firms' financial performance, finding that characteristics associated with higher power (e.g., dominance) predict greater profits. Most of these studies have focused on CEOs of profit-based businesses, where the main criterion for success is financial gain. Here, we examined whether facial a...

We propose a flow-based criterion (intensity of use) and stock-based (stability value) for choosing an anchor currency. This conceptual framework is applied to analyzing the RCEP region. According estimated TVP-VAR model, influence US dollar in region was weakened during global financial crisis COVID pandemic, creating opportunity both Chinese Yuan Japanese Yen compete In terms intensity criter...