background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate nodal irradiation with conventional three-field's technique. materials and methods: fifty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. computed tomography scans in the supine treatment position were imported into a treatment planning system. levels i-iii axillary and supraclavicular nodes were identified and their depths to ...

The probabilistic graphs framework models the uncertainty inherent in realworld domains by means of probabilistic edges whose value quantifies the likelihood of the edge existence or the strength of the link it represents. The goal of this paper is to provide a learning method to compute the most likely relationship between two nodes in a framework based on probabilistic graphs. In particular, ...

The profile-based approach is known to be advantageous when it comes to inferring positions of mobile wireless devices in complex indoor environments. The past decade has seen a significant body of work that explores different implementations of this approach, with varying degrees of success. Here, we cast the profile-based approach in a probabilistic framework. Launching from the theoretical b...

Several previous works have experimentally shown that communication ranges of sensors are not regular disks. Rather, they follow probabilistic models. Yet, many current connectivity maintenance protocols assume the disk communication model for convenience and ease of analysis. In addition, current protocols do not provide any assessment of the quality of communication between nodes. In this pap...

We summarise and provide pointers to recent advances in inference and identification for specific types of probabilistic graphical models using imprecise probabilities. Robust inferences can be made in so-called credal networks when the local models attached to their nodes are imprecisely specified as conditional lower previsions, by using exact algorithms whose complexity is comparable to that...

In this article, a multi-objective planning is demonstrated for reactive power compensation in radial distribution networks with wind generation via unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). UPQC model, based on phase angle control (PAC), is used. In presented method, optimal locating of UPQC-PAC is done by simultaneous minimizing of objective functions such as: grid power loss, percentage of n...

A Bayesian network, or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents conditional dependencies and conditional independencies of a set of random variables. Each node is associated with a probability function that takes as input a particular set of values for the node’s parent variables and gives the probability of the variable represented by the node, condit...

b a ckground: the management of internal mammary (im) nodes in breast cancer lacks a well-defined consensus. lymphoscintigraphy identifies up to one-third of breast cancer patients with extra-axillary drainage, which is mainly located in the im chain. our aim in this meta-analysis is to identify the lymphoscintigraphy technique variables that effect im node identification. m ethods: an internet...

In this paper we present a probabilistic broadcast calculus for mobile and wireless networks whose connections are unreliable. In our calculus, broadcasted messages can be lost with a certain probability, and due to mobility the connection probabilities may change. If a network broadcasts a message from a location, it will evolve to a network distribution depending on whether nodes at other loc...