Releaving traffic congestion by developing public transport as an alternative mode of travel is a common practice all over the world. However, the increasing public transport subsidies have created a financial burden for governments. Encouragingly, private capital supplies an opportunity for public transport in sustainable finance. Previous research mainly focuses on qualitative analysis and mo...

— This paper examines the role of financial sector policies in determining private investment in the economies of India and Malaysia. The results suggest that significant directed credit programs favoring certain priority sectors tend to discourage private capital formation in both countries. Interest rate controls appear to have a positive impact on private investment, with the effect being mo...

The cornerstone of the government’s adjustment program is to increase the efficiency of private investment and activity by deregulating the economy and promoting competition. The counterpart of this fundamental strategy is the need to increase the effectiveness of the public sector which in Pakistan had become overextended. To this end, public sector resources and management capacity are being ...

New technologies are critical to enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing poverty in many developing countries. While public-sector investment in research has historically driven technological change in agriculture, recent trends suggest that the public sector’s role may not be as significant in the future. There is much optimism about the private sector’s capacity to deliver new techno...

The TAMM/NAPAP/ATLAS/AREACHANGE (TNAA) system and the Forest and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model (FASOM) are two large-scale forestry sector modeling systems that have been employed to analyze the U.S. forest resource situation. The TNAA system of static, spatial equilibrium models has been applied to make 50-year projections of the U.S. forest sector for more than 20 years. Much of its i...

The positive relationship between education and sustainable economic development is now widely recognized. This study develops a dynamic model for population and primary education of Pakistan. Primary education sector in Pakistan is operating in both public and private sectors. Pakistan has a clear socioeconomic division of rural and urban areas that get different priorities in allocations of p...

This chapter examines the relationship between growth and inflation in the long-run. Although positive in the short-run, cross-country studies indicate a negative relationship between the two in the longer run. There is now considerable evidence to show that investment is one of the most important determinants of the long-run rate of growth. Recent developments in the theory of investment behav...

investment and financing it, is one of the crucial discussions in the economics of development and k at the center of the attention of economists. in the economic literature, it is shown that increasing the government, in other words, public sector investment will crowed out private sector investment. in this article we have tried to answer one major question. thut is, whether the public invest...

This series is published by ODI, an independent non-profit policy research institute, with financial support from the Department for International Development (formerly the Overseas Development Administration). Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of either ODI or DFID. Privatisation is an increasingly prominent feature of the policy advice directed at agricultural research i...

one of the present phenomena that virtually explain weaknesses in financial systems of different countries is financial repression. financial repression encompasses the different interferences of governments in financial markets through determining the ceiling interest on bank deposits, high rates of legal reserves, and the government’s interference in distribution of bank credits,which prevent...