Numerical weather predictionmodels have a number of parameters whose values are either estimated from empirical data or theoretical calculations. These values are usually then optimized according to some criterion (e.g., minimizing a cost function) in order to obtain superior prediction. To that end, it is useful to knowwhich parameters have an effect on a given forecast quantity, and which do ...

Northwest India is comprised of various Himalayan mountain ranges. These ranges are having different altitude and orientations all along this region. During winter season enormous amount precipitation received in region due to westward moving low pressure synoptic weather systems called Western Disturbances (WD). Variable terrain gives rise level circulation during the passage these systems. Su...

This COMET proposal describes a two-year project, beginning on 6/1/00, that will create, evaluate, and implement the first precipitation-type probabilistic forecast system, using ensemble forecasting and consensus forecasting concepts, at the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) and the Storm Prediction Center (SPC). The research component of this project will evaluate the quality of var...

■ Abstract The influence of surface orography on patterns of precipitation gives rise to some of the most pronounced climate gradients on Earth, and plays a fundamental role in the interaction between the atmosphere and the rest of the Earth System on a wide variety of time scales. The physical mechanisms involved comprise a rich set of interactions encompassing fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, ...

The current operational very short-term and shortterm quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) at the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC) is made by three different methodologies: Advection of the radar reflectivity field (ADV), Identification, tracking and forecasting of convective structures (CST) and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models using observational data assimilation (rada...

Estimating the spatial distribution of precipitation is an important and challenging task in hydrology, climatology, ecology, and environmental science. In order to generate a highly accurate distribution map of average annual precipitation for the Loess Plateau in China, multiple linear regression Kriging (MLRK) and geographically weighted regression Kriging (GWRK) methods were employed using ...

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of inhibitors or solvents on asphaltene precipitation under reservoir conditions. To this end, the interaction between live oil and solvent, and its side effects on precipitated/dissolved asphaltene were predicted via Miller’s entropy modified polymer solution theory under reservoir conditions. Then, the adjustable parameters of the model ...