Observational and modeling studies have revealed the relationships between convective–stratiform rain proportion and the vertical distributions of vertical motion, latent heating, and moistening in mesoscale convective systems. Therefore, remote sensing techniques that can be used to quantify the area coverage of convective or stratiform rainfall could provide useful information regarding the d...

To provide guidance for the development of satellite microwave rainfall-retrieval algorithms, the basic relationships between emission and scattering signals in natural clouds must be understood. In this study, the relationship between two parameters observed from microwave satellite data—the polarization difference at 19 GHz D and the polarization-corrected temperature PCT—is investigated over...

The rainfall contributions from precipitation features (PFs) with full spectra of different sizes and convective intensities over the tropics and subtropics are summarized using 12 yr of version 6 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and Microwave Imager (TMI) observations. Regional, seasonal, and diurnal variations of the rainfall contributions from various PFs a...

Spaceborne microwave remote sensing of precipitation at higher latitudes is investigated using an integrated observational and modeling approach. An ice particle model database containing microwave properties of twenty-five ice habits is developed and serves as the centerpiece of both a radar-based snowfall retrieval scheme and a combined active/passive modeling system. Equivalent radar reflect...

Mesoscale cloud resolving models (CRM’s) are often utilized to generate consistent descriptions of the microphysical structure of precipitating clouds, which are then used by physically-based algorithms for retrieving precipitation from satellite-borne microwave radiometers. However, in principle, the simulated upwelling brightness temperatures (TB’s) and derived precipitation retrievals genera...

Rainfall intensity estimates by passive microwave (PMW) measurements from space perform generally better over the sea surface with respect to land, due to the problems in separating true rain signatures from those produced by surfaces having similar spectral behaviour (e.g. snow, ice, desert and semiarid grounds). The screening procedure aimed at recognizing the various surface types and delimi...

The Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) will employ a constellation of ~8 satellites to measure precipitation between +/-65o latitude[1]. The GPM constellation will fly microwave radiometers accompanied by a core “reference” satellite carrying a Ka-Ku band dual-frequency radar (DPR) and an improved passive microwave radiometer (GMI; frequencies 10-183 GHz). Fundamentally, the improved GPM remote...

A new multidisciplinary synthetic approach comprising polymer-support synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, and multicomponent condensation facilitates synthesis of triaza-fluorenes library with a set of advantages such as rapid process, simple purification, and structural diversity in one shot. Microwave-assisted multistep synthetic protocol was used to construct the benzimidazole ring on s...

Snowfall signatures over ocean are analyzed using satellite and airborne microwave radiometer measurements at frequencies ranging from 37 to 340 GHz. Data used in the analysis include satellite data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – EOS and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit – B, and airborne data from a millimeter-wave radiometer and a dual-frequency precipitation radar durin...

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) is a multi-frequency, dual-polarized microwave radiometer that detects microwave emissions from the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Various geophysical parameters, particularly those related to water (H2O), can be estimated from AMSR data. In addition to the proven parameters such as water vapor, precipitation, and sea surface wind speed, novel ...