Precipitation statistics from Global Measurement Core Observatory Dual-frequency Radar (GPM DPR) are underestimated due to systematic bias depending on the scanning angle. Over five years of GPM DPR KuPR Version 06A data, precipitation anomaly is −7 % and −2 over land ocean, respectively. This study improves estimation low-level precipitation-rate profiles detection shallow storms (with top hei...

Until 1979, the evidence linking El Niño with changes in rainfall around the world came from rain gauges measuring precipitation over land and a handful of islands. Before the launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in November 1997, the remote sensing evidence gathered since 1979 was confined to ocean rainfall because of the very poor sensitivity of the instruments over land. ...

The global carbon cycle is highly sensitive to climate-driven fluctuations of precipitation, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. This was clearly manifested by a 20% increase of the global terrestrial C sink in 2011 during the strongest sustained La Niña since 1917. However, inconsistencies exist between El Niño/La Niña (ENSO) cycles and precipitation in the historical record; for example, s...

The mechanism by which the Gulf Stream sea surface temperature (SST) front anchors a band of precipitation on its warm edge is still a matter of debate, and little is known about how synoptic activity contributes to the mean state. In the present study, the influence of the SST front on precipitation is investigated during the course of a single extratropical cyclone using a regional configurat...

The Chicxulub impact 66.0Ma ago initiated the second biggest extinction in the Phanerozoic Eon. The cause of the concurrent oceanic nitrogen isotopic anomaly, however, remains elusive. The Chicxulub impactor struck the Yucatán peninsula, ejecting 2 × 10 kg of molten and vaporized rock that reentered globally as approximately 10 microscopic spherules. Here we report that modern techniques indica...

[1] During the Medieval Climate Anomaly, North America experienced severe droughts and widespread mobilization of dune fields that persisted for decades. We use an atmosphere general circulation model, forced by a tropical Pacific sea surface temperature reconstruction and changes in the land surface consistent with estimates of dune mobilization (conceptualized as partial devegetation), to inv...

A neural-network-based cluster technique, the so-called self-organizing map (SOM), was performed to extract distinct sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns during boreal winter. The SOM technique has advantages in nonlinear feature extraction compared to the commonly used empirical orthogonal function analysis and is widely used in meteorology. The eight distinguishable SOM patterns so ...