CPT-11 [7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin or Irinotecan] is a carbamate prodrug that is activated in vivo by carboxylesterase (CES)-2 to SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. There is high interindividual variation when CPT-11 is used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Several splice variants of CES2 are reported in the ...

[1] Atmospheric fronts are important for the day-to-day variability of weather in the midlatitudes, particularly during winter when extratropical storm-tracks are at their maximum intensity. Fronts are often associated with heavy rain, and strongly affect the local space-time distribution of rainfall. A recently developed objective front identification method that distinguishes between cold, wa...

The transformation behaviors on metamagnetic shape memory Ni46.4Mn38.8In12.8Co2.0 film were investigated by X-ray diffraction experiments in the temperature up to 473 K and magnetic fields μ0H up to 5 T. The prepared film showed the parent phase with L21 structure at 473 K, and with preferred orientation along the 111 plane. The magnetic field induced reverse transformation was directly observe...

Historical Background 461 Types of Insulin 461 Rapid-Acting Insulins 461 Intermediate-Acting Insulins 462 Long-Acting Insulins 462 Insulin Purity, Species, and Concentration 463 Beef and Pork Insulins 463 Human Insulin 463 Insulin Concentrations 464 Initiation of Insulin Therapy 464 Coals of Therapy 465 Treatment Strategies 466 Single-Dose Regimens 466 Twice-Daily Regimens 467 Multiple Daily In...

Elevated hepatic expression of fatty acid elongase-5 (Elovl5) induces FoxO1 phosphorylation, lowers FoxO1 nuclear content, and suppresses expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis (GNG). In this report, we define the molecular and metabolic basis of Elovl5 control of FoxO1 phosphorylation. Adenoviral-mediated (Ad-Elovl5) induction of hepatic Elovl5 in diet-induced obese, glucose-intoleran...

P-type BiSbTe alloys have been widely implemented in waste heat recovery from low-grade heat sources below 600 K, which may involve assorted environments and conditions, such as long-term service, high-temperature exposure (generally 473-573 K) and mechanical forces. It is important to evaluate the service performance of these materials in order to prevent possible failures in advance and exten...

An unbiased proteomic screen to identify integrin-linked kinase (ILK) interactors revealed rictor as an ILK-binding protein. This finding was interesting because rictor, originally identified as a regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, is also a component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), a complex implicated in Akt phosphorylation. These functions overlap with known ILK functio...