Reasoning on precedence relations is crucial for many planning and scheduling systems. In this paper we propose a double precedence graph where direct precedence relations are kept in addition to traditional precedence relations. By the direct precedence between activities A and B we mean that A directly precedes B (no activity is between A and B). We also show how these direct precedence relat...

The minimum-cost arborescence problem is a well-studied in the area of graph theory, with known polynomial-time algorithms for solving it. Previous literature introduced new variations on original different objective function and/or constraints. Recently, Precedence-Constrained Minimum-Cost Arborescence was proposed, which precedence constraints are enforced pairs vertices. These prevent format...

This paper examines Hồi giáo, a state-recognized religion translated as “Islam” in Vietnam, and will focus on the Islamic religious practices of the Cham Bani, one of two groups of Muslims in Vietnam. While it is recognized that diverse Islamic religious practices have taken root in various areas, there is a tendency to view religious practices such as the Quran recital, Ramadan, Salat, and so ...

This paper explores the ethical and legal pedagogy of the current debates on “reforming” Muslim societies, whether they claim to reform social and legal systems, reform educational institutions, or liberate Muslim women. Since these debates claim to achieve balance in global or domestic conflicts, I address the foundations of these debates by answering three questions: (1) Are the rationales fo...

A common phenomenon which has been regretfully associated almost exclusively with Islam is the various forms of female genital cutting, or FGC[1]. Although many of those who are involved in this act attribute to the religion of Islam, the majority of the forms of FGC present in the world today which are acts truly abominable, acts of which the religion of Islam is innocent. In no way does Islam...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, suicide rates were low in Islamic countries. However, the process of modernization can erode the ties of the individual to society and lead to questioning of religion and weakening of faith. Therefore, a cross-national study with the null hypothesis that there will be no relationship between general population suicide rates and the percentage of adherents of Islam was ...

Taking the cue from the controversial speech of Pope Benedict XVI at the University of Regensburg in 2006, this paper explores the connection between the apparently divergent positions taken by the Catholic Church and the European secular establishment on the question of European identity and Islam. The argument is advanced that the proceduralism of the European secular establishment contribute...