We aimed to investigate the effect of enriched 3-prebiotic formula (including inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides) on toddler gut health by measuring fecal microbiota. Our results revealed that the consumption of 3-prebiotic formula three times per day giving total intake of 1.8 g prebiotic ingredients significantly showed the increased number of probiotic Bifidobacteriu...

Dietary management of the human gut microbiota towards a more beneficial composition is one approach that may improve host health. To date, a large number of human intervention studies have demonstrated that dietary consumption of certain food products can result in significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota i.e. the prebiotic concept. Thus the prebiotic effect is now establis...

Seaweeds and seaweed extract (SWE) possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and growth-promoting properties. Extracts can be prepared in different ways including wet, spray-dried, and freeze-dried forms. The aim of this study was to determine if spray drying of laminarin and fucoidan derived from Laminaria digitata had an effect on the microbiological and cytokine profile of the gas...

Present life portrays a two-tier phenomenology: molecules compose supramolecular structures, such as cells or organisms, which in turn portray population behaviors, including selection, evolution and ecological dynamics. Prebiotic models have often focused on evolution in populations of self-replicating supramolecules, without explicitly invoking the intermediate molecular-to-supramolecular sta...

We hypothesize that life began not with the first self-reproducing molecule or metabolic network, but as a prebiotic ecology of co-evolving populations of macromolecular aggregates (composomes). Each composome species had a particular molecular composition resulting from molecular complementarity among environmentally available prebiotic compounds. Natural selection acted on composomal species ...

effect of dietary prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide and β-1,3 glucan on growth performance, bodycomposition and immunity response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated for asix week culture period. four feeding strategies were set, including feeding prebiotic-free dietcontinuously (control), feeding dietary prebiotic continuously (t1), feeding dietary alternately (oneweek preb...

There is a common interest for studying xeno-nucleic acid systems in the fields of synthetic biology and the origin of life, in particular, those with an engineered backbone and possessing novel properties. Along this line, we have investigated xylonucleic acid (XyloNA) containing a potentially prebiotic xylose sugar (a 3'-epimer of ribose) in its backbone. Herein, we report for the first time ...

The potential prebiotic properties of arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from sugar beet pulp was studied using mixed cultures of human fecal bacteria from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), in remission or with active disease, and in healthy controls. These results were compared to those for fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), which are known to have a prebiotic effect. Fermentation studies...

There are significant challenges in forming testable hypotheses regarding abiogenesis (i.e., the origin of life); for example, the original environment on the early Earth during the process of abiogenesis is a matter of debate [although it was significantly different from the current environment (Oparin, 1952; Hazen et al., 2008)]. Furthermore, the process of abiogenesis occurred over a time sc...