Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have crucial roles in the regulation of plant development and in plant responses to stress. Plant recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-derived effector proteins has been shown to trigger activation of several MAPKs. This then controls defence responses, including synthesis and/or signalling of defence hormones and act...

Background: The advent of recombinant DNA technology has facilitated heterologous expression of proteins from various sources in different host systems including Escherichia coli. If a plant virus coat protein is expressed in the bacterium it can be used as the antigen for antibody preparation. Such a recombinant antigen preparation can be particularly useful where equipment such as ultracentri...

This study was performed in order to determine the distance of isolation for the seed potato production from ware potato in three regions of Ardabil, Namin and Nir. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five distances (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 meters from ware potato) and three replications with Super Elite (SE) class of Agria potato cultivar from wa...

This study was performed in order to determine the distance of isolation for the seed potato production from ware potato in three regions of Ardabil, Namin and Nir. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five distances (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 meters from ware potato) and three replications with Super Elite (SE) class of Agria potato cultivar from wa...

A molecular probe, p3POT, was constructed of PSTVd, PVY, PLRV cDNA fragments introduced into pUC18 vector. Sequencing of the inserts revealed that cloned fragments covered conservative parts of pathogenic genomes. Dot-blot hybridization of digoxigenin-labelled construct to crude extracts from plants infected with different potato viruses proved high sensitivity and specificity of the p3POT prob...

one of the most efficient mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from invading virusesis the specific rna-dependent silencing pathway termed post-transcriptional gene silencing(ptgs). in this mechanism, resistance to a virus is engineered through the expression of asegment of the virus genomein transgenic plants. potato virusy (pvy) is one of the mostdamaging viruses of potato, infecting...