accounted for when calculating the test-dose volume. We chose a test-dose volume of 1 ml. Assuming a catheter dead space of 0.2 ml, this resulted in an actual test-dose volume of approximately 0.22 mlÆkg containing 1.1 lgÆkg epinephrine. This large dose of epinephrine containing local anesthetic allowed to unmistakably identify intravascular catheter position by immediate and dramatic but brief...

this study tries to redesign the interior design of inter-city bus in order to fulfill needs of iranian user. the goal of this study is practically investigate how user centered design can be applied considering cultural needs of iranian user. by defining common needs between cultural and physical aspects of iranian user, the main focus was on improving the sitting condition of the traveler wit...

The intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) takes second position after the premature births as a cause for neonate with smaller weight for it's gestational age. Perinatal morbidity of retard children is important, but perinatal mortality is about eight times higher then normal weighted neonates. It is very important to make the right diagnosis of IUGR, the cause of their illness, the therapy th...

Primary repair of transposition of the great arteries with interrupted aortic arch was performed in a 2 day old neonate weighing 2.1 kg. The repair consisted of a direct anastomosis between the ascending and the descending aorta and an arterial switch repair without Lecompte procedure because of the side by side position of the great arteries and an anomaly of the coronary arteries. A total of ...

Airway and respiratory complications are the most common causes of morbidity during general anesthesia in children. The airway changes in size, shape and position throughout its development from the neonate to the adult (1). Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the airway in children forms the basis of understanding the pathological conditions that may occur. This in turn allows a comprehensi...

AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the normal position of anus using anal position index (API) and the modified measurement method and to emphasize the importance of ectopic anus. This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 neonates equally, boys and girls who were all delivered at full term without any malformations. Anal position index, which is the ratio of anus-fourchette di...

purpose: to report an unusual case of orbitocranial meningioma presenting in a neonate. methods: case report results: a 1-day-old neonate was presented with severe proptosis of the left eye. ct scan and mri showed an extensive mass with involvement of left orbit and brain. discrete calcification could be seen on ct scan. the patient did not have any signs of neurofibromatosis and family history...