Sexual conflict over mating rate is both pervasive and evolutionarily costly. For females, the lifetime reproductive fitness costs that arise through interactions with potential mates will be influenced by the frequency of such interactions, and the fitness cost of each interaction. Both of these factors are likely to be influenced by variation in operational sex ratio (OSR) and population dens...

Detecting and localizing selective sweeps based on SNP data has recently received considerable attention. Here we introduce the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for the detection of selective sweeps in DNA sequences. Like previously published methods, our HMMs use the site frequency spectrum, and the spatial pattern of diversity along the sequence, to identify selection. In contrast to earlie...

A population craniometric analysis of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from Bulgaria was carried out using 19 linear skull and dental parameters. The analysis included 93 adult individuals (74 males and 19 females), originating from the main hunting economic areas in the country, i.e. Central Stara Planina Mountains, Strandzha-Sakar area, Ludogorie-Dobrudzha region and the Rila-Pirin region. Th...

The objective of the present study was to examine race and gender differences in obesity and disease overtime. This topic is under studies in racial/ethnic minority populations. Yet, gender differences in health within ethnic groups provide a more nuanced approach to health disparities. The analyses for this study were based on two waves of data (Wave1, 1986 and Wave 2, 1989) of the Americans’ ...

BACKGROUND Railway suicide has significant adverse impacts for the victims, their family and friends, witnesses to the incident, general public and train network. There is no previous review on the socio-environmental factors and railway suicide. The research question asked in this review was: 'What socio-environmental risk and protective predictors are significantly associated with railway sui...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models are routinely used to inform health care policy. Key model inputs include relative effectiveness of competing treatments, typically informed by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity is ubiquitous in meta-analysis, and random effects models are usually used when there is variability in effects across studies. In the absence of observed treatment effect modifiers, ...

The idea that different cultures present different consumer styles (Kotler 2011; De Mooij 2004; De Mooij, & Hofstede, 2011; Hofstede 1980; 1991; Sproles & Kendall 1986) has practical implications for multinational corporations. Gender-based consumer decision-making styles (issues people consider in making purchases) within and across U.S. and Taiwan populations were analyzed using Sproles and K...

This valuable study embodies the result of five separate inquiries set afoot by an expert Committee of the Eugenics Society, chaired by Dr. Blacker. Under the auspices of the Medical Officer of Health in each of the chosen areas, assisted by the agencies likely to be in touch with social failures in their populations, some 379 families were selected for detailed investigation. It was not the fa...

We thank reviewers from the Committee on Population at the National Academy of Sciences for useful comments. We also thank Vijaya Ramachandran for excellent research assistance and for especially helpful discussions and suggestions. The research reported here is part of the NBER's research program in Labor Studies. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bu...

This study analyzes gender diff erences in the intergenerational earnings mobility of second-generation migrants in Germany. The analysis takes into account potential infl uences like assortative mating in the form of ethnic marriages and the parental integration measured by parents’ years since migration. First, intergenerational earnings elasticities are estimated at the mean and along the ea...