A Boolean network consists of a set of Boolean variables whose state is determined by other variables in the network. Boolean networks have been studied extensively as models for simple artificial neural networks. Recently, Boolean networks gained considerable interest as models for biological systems composed of elements that can be in one of two possible states. Examples include genetic regul...

We present a generalization of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, in which the usual adjoint equation, which contains derivatives of the system vector fields with respect to the state, is replaced by an integrated form, containing only differentials of the reference flow maps. In this form, the conditions of the maximum principle make sense for a number of control dynamical laws whose right-hand...

When slow and fast controlled dynamics are coupled, the variational limit, as the ratio of time scales grows, is best depicted as a trajectory in a probability measures space. The effective control is then an invariant measure on the fast state-control space. The paper presents the form of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle for this variational limit and examines its relation to the Maximum Princ...

In this paper, we derive first-order Pontryagin optimality conditions for risk-averse stochastic optimal control problems subject to final time inequality constraints whose costs are general, possibly nonsmooth finite coherent risk measures. Unlike preexisting contributions covering situation, our analysis holds classical differential equations driven by standard Brownian motions. addition, it ...

We consider a class of cooperative differential games with continuous updating making use the Pontryagin maximum principle. It is assumed that at each moment, players have or information about game structure defined in closed time interval fixed duration. Over time, will be updated. The subject current paper to construct players’ strategies, their trajectory, characteristic function, and soluti...

In this article we derive a strong version of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle for general nonlinear optimal control problems on time scales in finite dimension. The final time can be fixed or not, and in the case of general boundary conditions we derive the corresponding transversality conditions. Our proof is based on Ekeland’s variational principle. Our statement and comments clearly show th...

In this paper, we carry out the dynamics-based optimization of sagittal gait cycles of a planar seven-link biped using the Pontryagin maximum principle. Special attention is devoted to the double-support phase of the gait, during which the movement is subjected to severe limiting conditions. In particular, due to the fact that the biped moves as a closed kinematic chain, overactuation must be c...

For optimal control problems, described by the Gursat-Darboux stochastic system, a number of first-order necessary optimality conditions are formulated and proved, which analogue - Pontryagin maximum principle, linearized principle Euler equation.

pontryagin's principle is used to study the shape of the supersonic part of the nozzle of a carbon dioxide gas-dynamic laser whose gain is maximal. the exact shape is obtained for the uncoupled approximation of anderson's bimodal model. in this case, if sharp corners are allowed, the ceiling of the supersonic part consists of a slant rectangular sheet followed by a horizontal one; oth...