Polydactyly occurs in some chicken breeds, but the molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. Combined genome-wide linkage analysis and association study (GWAS) for chicken polydactyly helps identify loci or candidate genes for the trait and potentially provides further mechanistic understanding of this phenotype in chickens and perhaps other species. The linkage analysis and GWAS for...

We present a male infant with hypertelorism, median pseudo-cleft of the upper lip and cleft palate, lobulated tongue, hypoplastic larynx and epiglottis, mesomelic shortening of limbs with particularly short and broad tibiae, polydactyly of the upper limbs, severely hypoplastic external genitalia with anorchidism, anal atresia, severe congenital heart defect, and renal agenesis. These features s...

Polydactyly is a fairly common congenital condition of the foot and is characterized literally by supernumerary toes (digit or metatarsal). The frequency of polydactyly varies widely among populations. It may be an isolated condition or part of a congenital syndrome. Polydactyly is generally classified into three major groups: medial ray (preaxial), central ray and lateral ray (postaxial). The ...

The syndrome of bilateral aplasia of the tibia, polydactyly with or without syndactyly, and absence of the thumbs, was first reported in 1915 by Werner in a twenty-year-old woman in her sixth month of pregnancy who requested an abortion because the pregnancy was causing her difficulties. The patient had no thumbs and six fingers, each with a metacarpal bone. There were eight toes on the left fo...

The mirror foot is a rare congenital foot anomaly which is often associated with 6- to 8-toed polydactyly. Postaxial polydactyly is the most common form of this anomaly, while central polydactyly is seen infrequently. We report on 2 cases of the central mirror-foot anomaly. Calcaneus duplication and fibular hypoplasia were present in 1 case. We treated both patients by resecting the middle foot...

We report polymelia and polydactyly in an immature White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Polymelia and polydactyly are unusual leg malformations and have been rarely recorded in birds. To our knowledge there is no study indicating the two cases observed in the same bird. We observed a White Stork which has two pairs of fused legs, with a total of nine and 10 toes on left and right fused legs respectiv...