Cyclodextrin poly-functionalization has fueled progress in their use multiple applications such as enzyme mimicry, but also the polymer sciences, luminescence, sensors or for biomedical applications. However, regioselective access to a given pattern of functions on β-cyclodextrin is still very limited. We uncover new orienting group, thioacetate, that expands toolbox available cyclodextrin poly...

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor type-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway plays an essential role in vascular fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation also mediates TGF-β signaling-induced vascular fibrosis, suggesting that some sort of interaction exists between Smad and redox pathways. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the influen...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system for various conserved pathogen-associated molecular motifs. Chicken TLR3 and TLR21 (avian equivalent to mammalian TLR9) recognize poly I:C (double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide), respectively. Interaction between TLR3 and TLR21 agonists poly I:C and CpG-ODN has bee...

Stacking of β-sheets results in a protein super secondary structure with remarkable mechanical properties. β-Stacks are the determinants of a silk fiber's resilience and are also the building blocks of amyloid fibrils. While both silk and amyloid-type crystals are known to feature a high resistance against rupture, their structural and mechanical similarities and particularities are yet to be f...

Recent experiments have discovered very different thermal conductivities between the spider silk and the silkworm silk. Decoding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the distinct thermal properties may guide the rational design of synthetic silk materials and other biomaterials for multifunctionality and tunable properties. However, such an understanding is lacking, mainly due to the complex s...

For α≥1, β≥0, and a graph G, spanning subgraph H of G is said to be an (α,β)-spanner if dist(u,v,H)≤α⋅dist(u,v,G)+β holds for any pair vertices u v. These type spanners, called linear generalizes additive spanners multiplicative spanners. Recently, Fomin, Golovach, Lochet, Misra, Saurabh, Sharma initiated the study directed graphs (IPEC 2020). In this article, we continue line research prove th...