The advantages/disadvantages of energy storage devices, which can provide nonpolluting automobile systems are discussed. Four types of storage devices are identified: electro-chemical (batteries) hydrogen electro-mechanical (flywheels) Molten salt heat storage A high speed flywheel with a small permanent magnet motor/generator has more advantages than any of the other systems and might become a...

The decrease in the level of industrial production and the significant reduction of highly toxic substances used in the agriculture of the Volga region in the last decade did not maintain the expected decrease of pollution level in the Volga water. Concentration of many polluting substances in water continues to remain high. Among the numerous polluting substances in the Volga River two groups ...

Oxygenic photosynthesis, which provides the biosphere with most of its chemical energy, uses water as its source of electrons. Water is photochemically oxidized by the protein complex photosystem II (PSII), which is found, along with other proteins of the photosynthetic light reactions, in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and of green plant chloroplasts. Water splitting is catalyzed by ...

Abstract: We assess the effectiveness of China’s Two Control Zones (TCZ) policy, an environmental policy that tightens the control of acid rain and the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in targeted areas. To identify the effect of the policy on industrial activities, we use the difference-in-differences (DID) method to study industry-level activities in China’s prefectures based on a unique firm...