Infants spend most of their indoor time at home; however, residential air quality is poorly understood. We investigated the air quality of infants' homes in the New England area of the U.S. Participants (N = 53) were parents of infants (0-6 months) who completed telephone surveys to identify potential pollutant sources in their residence. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), particulat...

BACKGROUND Over the past two decades there has been a large migration of China's population from rural to urban regions. At the same time, residences in cities have changed in character from single-story or low-rise buildings to high-rise structures constructed and furnished with many synthetic materials. As a consequence, indoor exposures (to pollutants with outdoor and indoor sources) have ch...

Air quality levels vary over regions due to meteorological factors, proximity to sources, and local conditions (i.e., topography). The Northeast USA is subjected to pollution inputs from both local sources and those from the upwind Midwest USA that are transported by prevailing meteorological patterns. With the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970 and the establishment of the National Ambient A...

The long-term objective of this research project is to characterize multi-pollutant (arsenic, lead, cadmium, and chromium) human exposures by linking sources to biomarkers using a multi-scale (individual level, county level) hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) that describes how multi-media pathways contribute to direct routes of exposure. Our approach is to use a statistical model that has expli...

Receptor-oriented source apportionment models are often used to identify sources of ambient air pollutants and to estimate source contributions to air pollutant concentrations. In this study, a PCA/APCS model was applied to the data on non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) measured from January to December 2001 at two sampling sites: Tsuen Wan (TW) and Central & Western (CW) Toxic Air Pollutants Mon...

– Exposure Core (Core A) Current understanding of air pollution effects on human health has been limited by the inability of available analytical methods to assess exposure to ambient multi-pollutant mixtures, which encompass both physico-chemical and spatio-temporal complexity. To address this problem, the Exposure Core will develop and employ new methodologies to assess short-and long-term ex...

The success of buffer installation initiatives and programs to reduce nonpoint source pollution of streams on agricultural lands will depend the ability of local planners to locate and design buffers for specific circumstances with substantial and predictable results. Current predictive capabilities are inadequate, and major sources of uncertainty remain. An assessment of these uncertainties ca...

1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Sources of Urban Runoff Pollutants and Source Reduction Options.......................................................................1 2.1 Other Pollutant Contributions to the Storm Drainage System .....................

BACKGROUND Traffic exhaust, refineries and industrial facilities are major sources of air toxics identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for their potential risk to human health. In utero and early life exposures to air toxics such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene, which are known leukemogens in adults, may play an etiologic role in childhood leukemia that comprises the ma...