Despite studies finding a link between political dynasty prevalence and poverty, empirical evidence in the Philippines shows that relationship dynastic concentration underdevelopment is not same across regions. We argue an independent economic elite high levels of activity, typically found Luzon, affect poverty development impact dynasties. Local socioeconomic contexts shape opportunities for p...

BACKGROUND Just as developing states are blessed with natural resources capable of transforming their economies into a positive direction, the imposed World Trade Organisation's (WTO) mores continue to relegate them to the status of underdevelopment. The consequences of this on investment, trade and finance in Third World States (TWSs), especially Africa, are disarticulation of the economy, exp...

Recently, the call to combine land change science (LCS) and political ecology (PE) in the study of human-environment interactions has been widely discussed by scientists from both subfields of geography. In this paper, we use a hybrid ecology framework to examine the effects of conservation policies on the environment and the livelihood of the people of the Korup National Park (KNP). Using tech...

Many people, covering many academic disciplines, have an interest in what they would refer to as development, and approach it from the direction of what they conceive to be underdevelopment. This type of labelling customarily follows on from some narrower interest; either in a particular region (for example Africa, Asia, Latin America); or in a particular place (e.g. Nigeria, Brazil, China); or...

Hemifacial microsomia is a rare congenital malformation of craniofacial structures. Its characteristic features are unilateral underdevelopment of the face and ear malformations. This study describes clinical and radiographical features of a rare case of a 4-year-old hemifacial microsomia patient with underdevelopment of the left side of the face and preauricular skin tags on the affected side...