نتایج جستجو برای: policy making institution
تعداد نتایج: 614520 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
PURPOSE Institutional conflicts of interest (ICOIs) occur when the institution or leaders with authority to act on behalf of the institution have conflicts of interest (COIs) that may threaten the objectivity, integrity, or trustworthiness of research because they could impact institutional decision making. The purpose of this study was to gather and analyze information about the ICOI policies ...
Background Despite the significant role “values” play in decision-making no definition or attributes regarding the concept have been provided in health policy-making. This study aimed to clarify the defining attributes of a concept of value and its irrelevant structures in health policy-making. We anticipate our findings will help reduce the semantic ambiguities associated with the use of “valu...
When we try to study the policy- making and decision- making in the the Islamic management we do not refer to the ordinary methods available rather, we wish to delve into the deep structure of decision-making and policy- making from the view- point of wisdom and divine inspiration. Is Islam, policy- making and decision- making are based on thinking and counseling. Thus, counseling is one of th...
although the importance of patient participation in the design and evaluation of health programs and services is well-documented, there is scarcity of research with regard to patient association (pa) participation in health policy decision-making processes. to this end, the present study aimed to validate further a previously developed instrument as well as to investigate the degree of pa parti...
background: various decisions have been made on technology application at all levels of the health system in different countries around the world. health technology assessment is considered as one of the best scientific tools at the service of policy- makers. this study attempts to investigate the current challenges of iran’s health technology assessment and provide appropriate strategies to es...
This paper presents a novel conceptualization of policy making as social drama. The selection and presentation of evidence for policy making, including the choice of which questions to ask, which evidence to compile in a synthesis and which syntheses to bring to the policy making table, should be considered as moves in a rhetorical argumentation game and not as the harvesting of objective facts...
Abstract: Because of Emergence of new technology area, knowledge economy and globalization challenges, Science & technology policy making is not an easy process like prioritizing some technology. Nowadays Science & technology policy making is complex systematic processes that consist all aspect of the society. This paper tries to analyze oncoming science and technology policy-making challenges ...
this book makes abundantly clear the sustained freshness of snyder path-breaking and dauntingly original work, which has long set the agenda for the systematic explanation of foreign policy decisions. thevery thoughtful essays prepared for the present volume demonstrate dramatically the continued centrality of the issues snyder and his associates raised more than 40 years ago. prescient in its ...
Low and stable inflation rates are essential to promote economic growth and welfare of the people. Therefore, many countries pursue their policies within the framework of inflation targeting to achieve low and stable inflation rates. Monetary policy implementation based on inflation targeting is a framework that has been adopted by many countries since 1990. To implement such framework, a serie...
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