Background The unregulated availability and irrational use of tuberculosis (TB) medicines is a major issue of public health concern globally. Governments of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have committed to regulating the quality and availability of TB medicines, but with variable success. Regulation of TB medicines remains an intractable challenge in many settings, but the reason...

This study aims to explain and describe the interaction of policy actors in implementation online learning. uses a qualitative research method with descriptive case approach. Data collection techniques this are through observation, documentation, interviews. The instruments were: a) researcher himself, b) interview guidelines, c) supporting tools form books, pens, d) related documents. results ...

We introduce a network visualization technique that supports an analytical method applied in the social sciences. Policy network analysis is an approach to study policy making structures, processes, and outcomes, thereby concentrating on relations between policy actors. An important operational concept for the analysis of policy networks is the notion of centrality, i.e., the distinction of act...

Evidence plays a growing role in public administration worldwide. We analyse the perceptions of policy actors, using Q methodology and structured questionnaire which reveals four types profiles. Most actors did not fit neatly an Evidence-Based Policy-Making (EBPM) group. Instead, they either had pragmatic view where context issue influence what counts as evidence, inclusive position emphasised ...

Despite considerable literature exploring Brazil’s participatory management, less academic attention focuses on public policy councils ( conselhos gestores de políticas públicas), which are permanent political-institutional structures a range of issues mediating between society and the state. This article analyses urban in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Niterói, Janeiro considering whet...

In recent decades, the role of policy networks in public promotion of innovation has been highlighted in Western innovation policies and innovation theories. However, a knowledge gap still prevails concerning the paradox that while emphasizing decentralization and inclusion in theory, innovation theories and policies are characterized by a top-down approach in practice, ascribing superiority to...

integrated urban management means adopting a holistic approach to urban management and designing appropriate mechanisms for this approach’s requirements in practice. the integration of the urban activities brings together organizational , structural and institutional activities and action in which the urban development is supported. in order to achieve integration, it is essential to identify f...

Urban regeneration and renewal is one of the urban development subjects that have undergone substantial changes in last decades in its approaches and also management process. Despite these global changes, policy making in this field of urban development have been delayed in Iran. In the last three decades, the spread of distressed urban areas in Tehran and their vulnerability against earthquake...

Incorporating evidence is fundamental to maintaining the general acceptance and efficiency in public policies. In Pakistan, different actors-local and global-strive to facilitate the development of evidence-informed health policies. Effective involvement however, requires knowledge of the country-context, i.e. knowing the intricacies of how policies are formulated in Pakistan. Obtaining this kn...