Absorption, emission, and excitation spectra for solid-state and solution of Tb(III), Dy(III), and Gd(III) complexes with the polypyridine ligand 6,6'-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-aminomethyl]-2,2'-bipyridine (C36H34N8) are presented. Measurements of excited-state lifetimes and quantum yields in various solvents at room temperature and 77 K are also reported and used to characterize the excited-sta...

Aerosol remote sensing is very much dependent on the accurate knowledge of the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measured by a particular instrument. The status of the calibration of such an instrument is reflected in the quality of the aerosol retrieval. Current data of the SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) instrument (operated with the data pr...

Polarized neutron reflectometry was used for the direct measurement of the magnetic-field penetration depth in a high-temperature (HT,) superconducting film. Two scattering geometries were used. The deduced neutron scattering length density profile gave an exact picture of the composition of the film. The fit to the spin-asymmetry yielded a magnetic-penetration depth of 1400 2 100 A at a temper...

Structural conversion of one given protein sequence into different amyloid states, resulting in distinct phenotypes, is one of the most intriguing phenomena of protein biology. Despite great efforts the structural origin of prion diversity remains elusive, mainly because amyloids are insoluble yet noncrystalline and therefore not easily amenable to traditional structural-biology methods. We inv...

Polarized light (PL) sensitivity is relatively well studied in a large number of invertebrates and some fish species, but in most other vertebrate classes, including birds, the behavioural and physiological mechanism of PL sensitivity remains one of the big mysteries in sensory biology. Many organisms use the skylight polarization pattern as part of a sun compass for orientation, navigation and...

Circularly polarized (CP) dual frequency cross-shaped slotted patch antenna on 1.575 mm thick glass microfiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite material substrate is designed and fabricated for satellite applications. Asymmetric cross-shaped slots are embedded in the middle of the square patch for CP radiation and four hexagonal slots are etched on the four sides of the squar...

We developed a glasses-free 3D stereoscopic display using an LCD display panel, a view control film and a grating film for stereoscopic viewing. The display screen is divided in half in order that left and right regions provide the stereoscopic images for left and right eyes. Because both stereoscopic images are not in the same position, it is difficult for the observer to view the 3D image by ...

This supplement is organized as follows: • Section 1 clarifies assumptions (main paper, Section 4, first paragraph). • Section 2 describes the plane principal method used for normal smoothing (main paper, Section 4.1, first paragraph). • Section 3 pertains to the optimization program and includes a simulation (main paper, Section 4.2.2). • Section 4 shows a qualitative comparison to a multi-str...