The Poland-Scheraga (PS) Model is one of the most celebrated applications of statistical physics to biology. By relying on basic laws of statistical phase transitions the PS model describes the denaturation of DNA strands as a function of temperature according to a minimal set of assumptions. The basic model makes the prediction of a second-order phase transition in the order parameter of the s...

background the prevalence of newly-diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis is decisive for the overall incidence rate of hepatitis b observed in poland. objectives we aimed to determine the chronic hepatitis b incidence trends in poland, taking into consideration the ages, genders, and environments of the patients. methods the study is based on aggregated data from polish descriptive epidemiologic...

Innovativeness, determining the development potential of enterprises and economies, and hence the economic welfare of societies, became an important area of interest for both theoreticians and especially economic life practitioners. Thus, in this study of the subject there can be found numerous definitions and types of innovation, including environmental innovation, being a response to the dema...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Anthrax spores remain viable and infectious in soil for decades. Flood water can percolate towards the surface the spores buried in soil. Moreover, the flood water might transport spores to areas previously unaffected. After the water recedes the spores located on the surface of the ground can be consumed by grazing animals and cause outbreaks of anthrax. MATERIALS ...

Abstract Balanced, rational fertilization determines high and valuable yields of crops. Polish agriculture has been considered traditional, pro-ecological, with relatively low consumption agrochemicals for many decades. Transformations in the economic social area, particular Poland’s accession to European Union, have significantly changed this picture. This paper presents results research on tr...

[b]Abstract Introduction.[/b] Web information systems can serve as a diagnostic tool for Internet users and to support the epidemiological work of doctors and health care providers. As part of this work, a system for detecting and calculating cardiovascular risk has been created. [b]Objectives[/b]. 1) Application of web-based risk assessment of cardiovascular death; 2) an attempt to evaluate th...

In Poland, a surveillance system capturing generic information on both diagnosed and undiagnosed aseptic central nervous system infections (ACI) has been in operation since 1966. This study evaluates to what extent the ACI surveillance is able to meet its objectives to monitor ACI trends and to detect signals of public health importance such as enteroviral outbreaks, tick-borne encephalitis (TB...

was extensively prevalent in European Russia, Poland, and Central Europe, and it spread over a considerable portion of Western, and some parts of Southern Europe, including Bosnia, the Austrian provinces on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, several parts of northern Italy and of the Italian coast on the Mediterranean. The disease is reported to have ceased in Russia in January 1874; it was ser...

Theories of the hospital market view hospitals as competing for patients, physicians and third-party payers simultaneously. The competition involves such elements as price, quality, convenience, technology and innovation and the effects of the competition in the market affect the quality of care, clinical outcomes, cost of services, access as well as patient satisfaction. The purpose of the pap...

The disease history of nineteenth-century Europe was punctuated by a series of severe-sometimes catastrophic-epidemics which spread as a consequence of war.' In his great Handbook ofgeographical and historicalpathology (1883), August Hirsch traced one of the last "considerable" outbreaks of bubonic plague in Europe to "1828-29, when the Russian and Turkish forces came into collision in Wallachi...